Winter coming close attention to the anti-pneumonia
Whenever the coming winter, the emergency room will suddenly and more patients with pneumonia, patients are mostly children and the elderly. To that end, the experts reminded, now, the temperature change to a larger, in such an environment, people should pay close attention to the prevention of pneumonia occurred.
■ Qiao identify various types of pneumonia
Lobar Pneumonia on anatomy into pneumonia, bronchial pneumonia and interstitial pneumonia. According causes can be divided into bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, fungal pneumonia. Among the most common bacterial pneumonia.
Bacterial pneumonia: multi caused by the pneumococcal acute inflammation of the lungs, and more in the autumn, winter, spring and winter incidence. Common incentives for upper respiratory tract infection, a cold. The main pathological changes for the exudative alveolar inflammation and real change, a sustained leaf lesions, of the distribution, when the disease can be serious involved a few leaves. There are 20 to 30 percent cases can occur bacteremia. Suffering from bacterial pneumonia, the onset of intense, the symptoms are chills, high fever, cough, cough sputum and chest pain rust color, and some patients have difficulty breathing, Severe cases can lower blood pressure and even shock, a life-threatening. Laboratory checks increase in the number of blood leukocyte, neutrophil much as 80 percent or chest X-ray lung large homogeneous dense shadow.
The treatment of bacterial pneumonia is the main application of antibacterial drugs, and patients want bed rest, and, when necessary oxygen for symptomatic treatment, the prevention of complications.
Viral pneumonia: from influenza, parainfluenza virus, such as adenovirus caused by pneumonia, influenza virus to which most serious pneumonia. Viral pneumonia often secondary to upper respiratory tract infection, the main pathological changes of interstitial pneumonia, clinical performance for the onset gentler, symptoms are headache, fatigue, fever, cough, cough, such as a small amount of sticky phlegm. By weight, fast breathing, symptoms increase, but also in respiratory failure and shock.
Mycoplasma pneumonia: also known as atypical pneumonia, lung pathogens for Mycoplasma, was particularly prevalent in children and young adults, can be distributed or a small pop. Its basic pathological changes is suppurative bronchiolitis, and then in interstitial pneumonia. Slow performance for the majority of clinical onset, early headache, throat-ache, muscle pain, fever ,2-3 future cough, cough a small amount of mucopurulent sputum, sometimes with blood, choking for paroxysmal prominent symptoms.
■-care children with pneumonia
Children with low immunity is high due to pneumonia. Winter upper respiratory tract infection in children is high or influenza, scarlet fever, chicken pox, measles, whooping cough and other infectious diseases, reducing resistance in the circumstances may be complicated by pneumonia. Children suffering from pneumonia, in addition to please doctors actively treatment, the meticulous care is also very important.
1. To follow doctor’s orders medication, antibiotics not to abuse drugs in children. Although most of pneumonia is caused by bacteria, but also by a number of virus pneumonia, caused by mycoplasma, and other pathogens, antibiotic drugs abuse not only not therapeutic effect, would give rise to all kinds of adverse reactions.
2. Let children with a quiet rest, to relieve breathing difficulties. Should every 2-3 hours for the children gently up a body, so supine, lateral around the turn and lightly beat the sick child back, a Director of the lungs time to avoid pressure, inflammation and help the absorption Expectoration .
3. fresh indoor air circulation, ample sunshine, can reduce the disease-causing bacteria in the air, the sunshine in the ultraviolet germicidal effect there. At the same time, to maintain appropriate indoor temperature and humidity.
4. Children with thick clothing and bedding not, overheating will fidgety children, induced shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing heavier. If there was shortness of breath, can be used pillows will be back boosted to facilitate unimpeded breathing. Children must be promptly removed callus and nasal secretions within the nasal cavity, there are children with respiratory sputum prejudice when to let children咳出sputum, cough not to the aspiration of mucus to keep the airway patency.
5. Children under the age characteristics for nutrient-rich, easy to digest food. Infants of children should be mainly dairy, drank water can be properly. Milk can be properly dilute plus points against the water, each fed less, increase the frequency of feeding. If choking occurred nostril milk should promptly remove the milk. Older children with a little, eat nutritious, easy to digest, light food, and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and more drinking water. At the same time, China should pay close attention to the observation of the child’s spirit and looking, respiration, body temperature and other symptoms and signs Kechuan changes. If there are children with severe asthma or respiratory difficulties suddenly increased irritability, often obstructive respiratory airway sputum performance, doctors need to deal with as soon as possible please.
■ have characteristics of the elderly pneumonia
The elderly pneumonia winter is the season of many. The elderly relative decreased immune function, such as upper respiratory tract infection occurred or influenza, it is easy to cause pneumonia; elderly people suffering from diabetes and the many malignant tumors, the immune mechanism may be easily combined pneumonia; elderly cerebrovascular accident, trauma, aging while bedridden, prone to aspiration pneumonia and sinkers plot pneumonia. We should know that, although now all kinds of new antibacterial drugs continuously available, but the elderly died of pneumonia the ratio remained high, pneumonia is often the direct cause of death of older persons.
Elderly people suffering from pneumonia have the following characteristics. First, early symptoms are often not obvious. General suffering from pneumonia have high fever, cough, chest pain, gas tight, and other symptoms, blood tests will be significantly increased leukocyte. Elderly people suffering from pneumonia and fever not obvious and sometimes not even fever, cough, chest pain or symptoms significantly, resulting in elderly patients often fail to timely treatment, sometimes for no diagnosis illness caused by the delay or increase. The second is that older people are often associated with a variety of diseases, such as emphysema, heart disease or high blood pressure, diabetes, etc., once suffering from pneumonia easily bring the disease onset and other diseases caused or aggravated, or even early in shock, respiratory failure and multiple organ failure and other critical situation, to the treatment difficult. Third, the elderly pneumonia bacteria are often more complicated, and some elderly people love their usual medication, which makes a number of pathogenic bacteria commonly used antibacterial drug resistance, thus affecting treatment.
It is precisely because of the elderly suffering from pneumonia of the above characteristics, the spirit of the elderly family members once found to languish, poor appetite, difficulty breathing, a slight fever or cough, we should send the hospital for an examination as soon as possible, especially to do chest X-ray. Once diagnosed, to the early application of effective drug treatment, the attention of drugs on the heart, liver and kidney effects, and should support the strengthening of systemic treatment to the patients as soon as possible back to health.
■ elderly pneumonia to strengthen anti-Constitution
1. Elderly to ensure that a balanced diet, adequate nutrition, exercise and appropriate activities to enhance physique.
2. Indoor ventilation should always, the weather was fine, the elderly have to breathe fresh air to the outdoors, more than sunbathing.
3. According to the temperature change reasonable change clothes,
4. Elderly people with chronic illnesses to the original active treatment of chronic diseases, the bedridden elderly patients should always transform position to shoot back Expectoration in order to avoid falling plot pneumonia.
5. Smokers to quit smoking firmly in the influenza epidemic season, the elderly should be less to overcrowded public places.
The frail elderly, often prone to respiratory infection in the elderly can be passed influenza vaccine injection to prevent influenza, pneumococcal vaccine for the prevention of pneumonia from happening.
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