35 women over the age of the beginning of “high-risk mothers.”

To say that these are not scare anyone, if you have been Xiazhe Unfortunately, the more Unfortunately you are to catch up with the World Health Organization requirements, then from now on you have to do a good job in perinatal care, prenatal strengthen the inspection, Diagnosis, labor and post-natal care, to better conditions to the maternity hospital, if necessary, should also be admitted ahead of production.

If senior citizens want to pregnant women fertility, should learn more of the Youshengyouyu the knowledge, can be compared to the attention of various elements of the nutritional intake:

In a balanced diet, nutrition at the same time, to control the high-fat, high-sugar diet to avoid weight gain during pregnancy rate too, to prevent fetal overweight;

To control the frequency of life, especially in the last three months of pregnancy should be prohibited sex life;

Laoyijiege attention, not bed-ridden resort, appropriate activities, recreating pregnancy Baojian Cao. The latter part of pregnancy should move around, the campaign is conducive to reasonable-middle.

In addition should also pay attention to the prevention of infection and viral diseases, as far as possible to avoid contact with toxic and harmful chemicals.

As long as the attention of many, pregnancy and childbirth, most of the anomalies can be avoided.

Senior citizens, there are many pregnant women during pregnancy should pay particular attention to areas:

1, and strictly do wellness checks and special inspections.

2, do not use Dianre Tan.

3, avoid hot water bath, sauna, steam bath.

4, to avoid vaginal washing, or likely to cause infection, bleeding, premature rupture of membranes, and other issues.

5, sleep, take the lateral Shuizi, at the same time raise the legs.

6, to say the truth must not Menmenbuyue.

7, Institute of emotional control, when nervous, uncomfortable, do deep breathing exercises, avoid angry, impatient.

Pregnant women the necessary checks to senior citizens

First, ultrasound

General needs to be done twice in 12 weeks and 20 weeks of time for. This check can be used to further determine the date of your pregnancy and any abnormal development of the situation, such as cleft palate, organ abnormalities, and can be found multiple births.

Second, check amniotic fluid and chorionic villi

In about 11 weeks, with a biopsy needle through the abdominal wall into the uterine cervix or reach the placenta location, took out a little villi, to be checked.

Is also available at around 16 weeks, in the state of anesthesia, the needle to puncture the way from amniotic fluid, collecting falling embryonic cells, to be checked.

These are very accurate detection of fetal abnormalities whether the method. The general check pregnant women for senior citizens, this check from the risk of abortion, the need to have the experience under the guidance of doctors.

Third, the umbilical cord puncture

After 20 weeks, local anesthesia in the circumstances, the use of fetal cord blood from a needle, check, this method can detect whether the chromosome abnormalities and genetic blood diseases. This method used only for high-risk pregnant women, higher than the risk of miscarriage from amniotic fluid check.

4, AFP detection

At 16-20 weeks, is a non-dangerous blood examination, determination of alpha-fetoprotein levels in the blood, can be found nerve defects, Down syndrome, kidney and liver disease, are all pregnant women to carry out the inspection.

Thrombocytopenia

Platelet abnormalities and quality of the two types of abnormal disease during pregnancy can be painful, but for those of the majority. Clinical need to pay attention to the following three points: a certain risk factors (such as drugs, infection) can cause the decrease in platelets, can also cause some degree of platelet dysfunction (of the anomaly); ② in cases of thrombocytopenia , Certain risk factors (such as drugs, infection, immune response, etc.) can inhibit the platelet formation of bone marrow function, but also directly undermine the peripheral platelet, or to which a party as the main pathological mechanisms; ③ by platelet dysfunction caused by bleeding Sometimes can be very serious and often than other hemorrhagic disease more difficult to identify.

Chronic heart failure will occur anemia

Chronic heart failure also known as chronic congestive heart failure, is common clinical syndrome, the incidence rate of high mortality high.

The basic causes of chronic heart failure is the primary ventricular myocardial damage and overloading. In China the cause of chronic heart failure caused by the main valve disease, followed by hypertension and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD). Their main incentive is: infections, arrhythmia, water electrolyte imbalance, Guodupilao, mental stress too heavy, dramatic changes in climate and environment of pregnancy, childbirth, such as with other diseases.

Clinically, patients with chronic heart failure with left ventricular failure the most common, it mainly affects patients with pulmonary circulation. Can be expressed as breathing difficulties, cough, sputum, hemoptysis, fatigue weakness, Niaoshao, such as lowering blood pressure. Hemoptysis severe cases, there may be anemia. In addition, the treatment of chronic heart failure caused major cause of heart valve surgery, patients can also cause anemia.

Iron deficiency anemia in common cause

Iron deficiency anemia is a common cause of physiological need for iron increased, chronic bleeding and iron intake inadequate.

(1) get enough: the period of growth and development of infants and young children, adolescents and women of childbearing age because of the fast-growing, maintaining blood volume and circulation of hemoglobin, the red blood cell death to release the relative lack of iron, appears relatively easy to iron deficiency. These people are on food than the prominent iron-dependent, so a partial eclipse habits are more prone to insufficient iron intake.

(2) absorbing barriers: stomach after subtotal or malabsorption syndrome patients, reduce the absorption of iron.

(3) chronic blood loss: gastrointestinal bleeding and in particular for the common menorrhagia, the adult men and women before menopause iron deficiency anemia are the most common reasons. Ulcer disease, esophageal or gastric rupture varicose veins, hiatal hernia, gastritis, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hemorrhoids, hookworm disease, and chronic hemoptysis, such as uterine fibroids, can lead to iron deficiency.

(4) pregnancy and lactation: pregnancy due to the increase in blood volume and fetal development needs and loss of blood during childbirth and other reasons, iron deficiency almost inevitable. (5) intravascular hemolysis: paroxysmal nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, heart valve repair, because of excessive destruction of red blood cells, iron with hemoglobin, hemosiderosis from the urine from genistein, easy iron deficiency.

Mediterranean anemia due to take note

Mediterranean anemia due to the appearance zone, with the normal growth of the same.

The vitamin supplement with ordinary people in the physician deems it necessary to vote. Looks difficult because of perceived disease, is often given to iron tonic, attention should be paid.

Premarital checks
Whether the person should be tested for the Mediterranean zone because of anemia, while special attention if prenatal care.

Prenatal care
If both husband and wife with a result, every child the first 12 weeks of pregnancy should be taken after the seizure of fetal medical examination, if identified as Mediterranean anemia can be severe fetal abortion in order to avoid future care burden.

How to prevent anemia

The high incidence of anemia, the most common is iron deficiency anaemia, and more particularly in children, my seven children under the age of anemia rate was 40 percent. As long as the attention of daily life and diet adjustments, anemia can be prevented. For the provision of adequate bone marrow hematopoietic material. Rail is the main raw material manufacture hemoglobin. Under normal circumstances, the daily adult male about 1 mg of iron, reproductive age woman takes a day to 2 milligrams of iron, pregnancy and breast-feeding need more iron.

Therefore, in peacetime should eat more iron-rich foods such as lean meat, liver, egg yolks and kelp, Nostoc flagelliforme, seaweed, edible fungus, Xiangru, such as beans. Attention should be paid to meet the reasonable diet, such as postprandial appropriate eating fruit and fruit are rich in vitamin C and acid, can promote the absorption of iron. And postprandial drinking Nongcha, iron and due to the tannic acid in tea production with precipitation, the impact of iron absorption. In addition, the use Tieguo cooking food, great benefit to the prevention of anemia. Folic acid and vitamin B12 is essential for hematopoietic material. Fresh green vegetables, fruits, melons, beans and meat, are rich in folic acid; meat and liver, kidney, heart and other internal organs, are rich in vitamin B12, but the high-temperature cooking, will enable 50% More than 10-30 percent of the folic acid and vitamin B12 had been destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to life in dietary diversification, but also emphasize cooking, as far as possible to avoid over-cooking food.

To protect the “blood factory.” Many chemical and physical factors can damage bone marrow. Chemical factors, such as benzene organic arsenic, anticancer drugs, certain antibiotics (such as chloramphenicol, streptomycin), sulfa drugs, anti-epileptic drug diseases, anti-rheumatoid drugs (such as security is too loose, anti-inflammatory pain); Physical factors such as X-ray, B12, γ-rays, neutrons, etc., can damage bone marrow, blood is a formidable enemy. Therefore, the implementation of protective measures should be strictly abide by the rules, in particular, can not abuse the hematopoietic function of harmful substances, but also to avoid unnecessary X-ray radiation.

Loss of blood is also an important reason leading to anemia, a result, the various hemorrhagic diseases such as hookworm disease, hemorrhoids, functional bleeding, and so on, should be actively treated.

Medium-thalassemia patients with the treatment

Blood Transfusion
Most do not have to be blood, but clinical symptoms such as severe patients, that is, to the same rules as in patients with severe blood transfusion and some medium-infected patients due to a temporary decline in hemoglobin, the blood transfusion can be resumed at this time. However, the medium of pregnancy, during pregnancy rules need blood transfusion, and if possible, use frozen blood in order to reduce the probability of infection, ranked iron during pregnancy should also suspended.

Pai Rail
Patients should be an annual blood test iron, if the blood iron (Feritin) more than 2000 mg / ml, ranked every week to iron 1-2 days.

The vitamin supplement with heavy patients.

Patients with severe health checks.

Patients with severe diet. Avoid taking drugs containing the blood.

With the movement of heavy patients. Special attention to bone disease caused by injury.

Spleen removed
Splenomegaly and hyperthyroidism, the blood that after the removal of specialist physicians, patients pay attention to matters with the heavy, splenectomy Please also note whether there is a surgeon gallstone phenomenon.

Building with heavy mental patients.

Prenatal care
If the spouse completely normal, pre-natal check-free, if patients are medium-or because of who would take samples taken from fetuses, if the fetus for the α-heavy Bart’s disease should be abortion, to reduce mother-threatening.

The treatment of anemia

Since anemia is not a disease but rather the common symptoms of certain diseases, treatment is the first principle of removing causes. If more severe anemia, to be used directly to correct anemia and other blood transfusion or temporary measures to alleviate anemia. But in a clear diagnosis, avoid chaos for drugs, such as vitamin B12, folic acid, liver injection, iron or other so-called “blood medicine.” This treatment will not bear fruit, but due to relax or abandon the cause of the find, the delay condition, this will be harmful to the patient, or even cause serious consequences.

Removal of causes, not only to cure anemia, is more important to the overall health of patients. Because sometimes the basic cause anemia disease far exceeds the seriousness of anemia itself, such as gastric cancer or colon hemorrhage caused by chronic anemia, to identify the causes and treatment of anemia is not only to correct anemia, is more important to the eradication of gastric cancer or colon cancer. Therefore, the only treatment of anemia and blindly ignore the basic treatment of anemia caused disease, it is Shebenzhumo.

The effect of anemia treatment, the majority decision on the nature and cause of the possibility of eradication. If the cause is the complete elimination or correcting the anemia also can be cured. If anemia, though the reasons for the identification, but the basic treatment of the disease to be ineffective, anemia difficult to eradicate, can only take symptomatic treatment.

Bleeding is one of the common causes of anemia may be caused by different reasons, to take appropriate measures to stop bleeding treatment is very important. Or excessive menstrual bleeding with hormones or surgical treatment, generally stop the bleeding and anemia will be cured.

The lack of nutrition caused by lack of raw materials and certain blood of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency caused by giant David cell anemia, respectively, with iron, folic acid or vitamin B12 treatment, good effect, generally . However, attention should be paid to rectify the lack of reasons for these substances. In addition to the reasons for the lack of poor quality food, there may be other factors, such as multiple pregnancy, breast-feeding, the partial eclipse, the long-term loss of appetite, chronic diarrhea, etc.. Arising from lack of nutrition if not remove the causes, effects are often less than ideal, even if temporary effect, the future might relapse.

If inflammation or infection can be controlled, can also reduce anemia. Endocrine disease, as replacement therapy, anemia can also reduce or be corrected, but as chronic renal failure, liver disease, advanced cancer or metastatic carcinoma of the broad, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other advanced secondary anemia, as the basic disease The effect of the poor, in addition to blood transfusion, it is very difficult to reduce anaemia in general.

Drug-induced hemolytic anemia and iron tablets of David cell anemia, patients stop in contact with the drug, most of anemia can be fast or gradually reduce and even disappear. However, certain drugs or poison caused by aplastic anemia, even if the cause of clear, with no access to, but because of the bone marrow hematopoietic tissue has been serious damage, it is very difficult to restore or cure the patient. Then, if adopted and the success of bone marrow transplantation, curable.

The main method of treatment of anemia drug treatment, blood transfusion, splenectomy and bone marrow transplantation. Clinically, according to different causes of different types of anemia, may be one or more of the therapy treatment.

What is thalassemia What are the clinical manifestations

Thalassemia is hemolytic anemia in a large type. As the first in Italy, Greece and other Mediterranean region and the nation as descendants of immigrants found in the disease, then called “Mediterranean anemia.” In addition to the Mediterranean region later found, other clinical areas to the sea is also a high incidence area of the disease, known as “thalassemia.”

Thalassemia is due to autosomal genetic defects, the cause-linked protein peptide synthesis obstacles, so that one or more of the protein peptide-linked inadequate or complete lack of volume, resulting in such-linked protein involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin reduction. - Protein linked to the amino acid sequence does not in itself unusual. Where α-linked protein synthesis inhibition, called the “α thalassemia”; β-linked protein synthesis inhibition, called “β thalassemia.” Mediterranean, the Middle East, Arab, India, Southeast Asia β thalassemia incidence of the highest in Southeast Asia, including South China α thalassemia is the high incidence area. China’s Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Taiwan provinces α β thalassemia are more common, south of the Yangtze River provinces such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hubei, and so have reported sporadic cases. Because of different genetic defects, the performance of the severity of the disease is very different, in fetal and infant and child that is due to the heavy death of hemolytic anemia, abnormal hemoglobin Although there are no life and clinical symptoms.

Thalassemia genotype and phenotype are diversified, very different. Often based on clinical signs and symptoms of the severity of light into the middle-and heavy-duty, and genotypes can be divided into heterozygous and homozygous type. General heavy homozygous for sure, for sure light heterozygous, and the intermediate type includes many different genetic basis of diseases, including lighter and heavier homozygous heterozygotes β thalassemia and hemoglobin H disease and α and β Thalassemia heterozygous, and so on.

1. Homozygotes thalassemia

Infancy (Health after 6 to September) incidence, anemia, looking pale, jaundice, weight loss, abdominal gradual uplift, sexual enlarged liver and spleen. Because of growth retardation can form a special appearance: first, for the top, occipital uplift, prominent cheeks, nose Diping, two distance widened. Systemic change throughout the skeleton, mainly due to significant long-term bone marrow hyperplasia, the bone marrow cavity wider, bone thinning. Most patients died at an early age that is, the cause of death for many infections, advanced blood disease caused by organ damage. If survival in sexual development period, often because of obstacles without the Second Sex levy, other than common endocrine dysfunction. Patients often splenomegaly, Hypersplenism while WBC, thrombocytopenia, a variety of infections and bleeding.

2. Heterozygous thalassemia

Most patients with asymptomatic, a small number of patients with regular flu fatigue, may have mild anemia, splenomegaly. Normal growth and development, no bones change, the general census in the family or when the investigation found. Low pigment anemia. Tablets can see the target blood cells, red blood cells to reduce infiltration brittle, basophils, Choi cells increased, HbA2 slightly higher. Hyperplasia of red bone marrow cells increased slightly, iron staining iron tablets David cells increased.

3. Intermediate thalassemia

Middle-thalassemia contain the genetic basis of many different kinds of patients. Varying degrees of anemia, spleen mild to moderate swelling, bone marrow can have mild to change. Such patients often need long-term blood transfusion to maintain life. But still the later development of mature, the majority of patients can survive to adulthood.

4. Hemoglobin H disease (α + thalassemia)

Most patients in the 1-year-old symptoms began to appear, mainly for the performance of H gradually increased hemoglobin, mild to moderate chronic anemia, intermittent mild attack of jaundice, about 2 / 3 patients hepatosplenomegaly. Due to infection or other reasons may increase anemia, generally without stunting, bone changes very light. Common with cholelithiasis.

5. Bart’’s fetal hemoglobin edema syndrome (α thalassemia)

30 to 40 weeks of pregnancy, abortion fetal death or premature death. Fetal body edema, pale, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, chest and also often pericardial effusion, heart expand, mild jaundice. Placenta large and fragile. Tablets RBC low blood pigment, irregular size, contour, and other significant changes, the target cell and a lot of cells. Reticulocyte significantly increased. Hyperplasia of red bone marrow cells significantly increased, hemosiderosis Obviously, extramedullary hematopoiesis significant.

6. Geostationary α-thalassemia and standards α-thalassemia

Static α thalassemia is α + α with the normal gene heterozygous, with no clinical symptoms. Standard α thalassemia is α. Α gene with the normal gene homozygous, there is no clinical symptoms of patients. However, a slight blood cells to change shape, and so on.

Anemia during pregnancy

Some women in the history of anemia before the pregnancy, pregnancy after anemia phenomenon, known as anemia during pregnancy.

If pregnancy hemoglobin less than 10 g / 100 ml, red blood cell count less than 3.5 million / mm3, can be clinically diagnosed as anemia.

Anemia is common in iron-deficiency anemia.

When anaemia among pregnant women, because of red blood cells, the reduction of hemoglobin, the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity weakened, parent organization of hypoxia. Pregnant women will appear dizziness, tinnitus, limb weakness, short breath after the event, flustered, heart throb enhance the symptoms. Anemia during pregnancy, the body resistance decline, high incidence of infection. Serious will happen myocardial damage and even heart disease anemia. Intrauterine fetal also due to the lack of oxygen, leading to the stillbirth, premature birth, low birth weight newborns, and other adverse consequences.

In order to prevent the occurrence of anemia during pregnancy, pregnant women should be more than usually fresh foods rich in iron, guarantee vitamin B12, folic acid intake. More food animal liver, lean meat and eggs, beans and soybean products, milk, green leafy vegetables, fruits and red dates, peanuts, and so on.

During pregnancy should be regularly checked hemoglobin and red blood cell count, early detection and treatment of anemia, when added to iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, and so on. In addition should also be timely inspection, and found that the treatment can cause anemia in various diseases, or even termination of pregnancy, disease to be cured after pregnancy.