How samples ventilator

When a patient stopped breathing, use artificial respiration and help maintain respiratory function independently stimulate the resumption of the method is artificial. Ventilator is the scene where critically ill patients (in the absence of oxygen under the conditions of) one of the most commonly used Jijiu Fa.

There are many ways to go out, the family used a mouth-to breathing and chest supine pressure ventilator law.
Mouth-to go out of the main points are as follows: First the patient supine, head Yang, the first export suction chamber part of the throat secretions, to maintain respiratory unobstructed. Emergency patients who stay in the side of the primary Tuoqi patients with lower, with nostrils Niezhu the other hand, patients with mouth open and covered apply gauze, first aid, first Shenxi breath, at the mouth of force Chuiru, and then rapidly The rise, and at the same time loosened his hands, listening to echo there, said if the airway open. So repeatedly, each time about 16-20 minutes, until the automatic resumption of breathing.

ITP symptoms and treatment

ITP is a common hemorrhagic disease, causes complex, it is also more difficult for the capital Medical University School of Chinese Medicine of Beijing Medical subsidiary Gulou Chinese medicine hospitals Hall Primary ITP is a professional specialist in primary ITP treatment and research institutions, many of four treatment invalid ITP patients find here the hope of rehabilitation.

ITP is characterized by a significant reduction of platelet, with skin mucosa Purpura, who may have other serious bleeding sites such as nose bleeding, bleeding gums, women’s menstrual of excessive or serious vomit blood, hemoptysis, blood in the stool, and other symptoms Niaoxue , With intracranial hemorrhage is the cause of the disease died. Henoch-Schonlein purpura is characterized by skin limbs scattered spots or affect general, patients with severe joint pain or abdominal pain, blood in the stool, vomit blood, such as the collapse of serious cases can be developed for Purpura nephritis. ITP is divided into two categories of primary and secondary. Primary ITP is an autoimmune syndrome, is a common hemorrhagic disease. Is characterized by blood circulation in the anti-platelet antibodies, so that excessive platelet destruction caused purpura, and giant cells in the bone marrow of normal or more of the naive. Clinical acute and chronic can be divided into two, both pathogenesis and performance have significantly different.

Acute multi-for children under 10 years of age, no gender differences. More in winter and spring disease, before the disease has infected more than history, more respiratory infections, rubella, measles, chickenpox most; may also vaccination, infection and the incubation period purpura in more than one to three weeks. Adult acute-rare, often drug-related, than children with serious illness. Jizhou onset, fever.

Mainly for skin and mucous membrane bleeding, often more serious, skin was bleeding from the size of stasis, the uneven distribution to more limbs. Mucosa have epistaxis bleeding, bleeding gums, tongue oral mucosa Xuepao. Common digestive, urinary tract bleeding, bleeding under the eye of film, a small number of retinal hemorrhage. Common spinal cord or intracranial hemorrhage, can cause lower limb paralysis or performance of intracranial hypertension, can be life-threatening.

Chronic more common type of primary ITP of 80 percent, more than 10 to 40 years old, men and women for three to four times. Hidden passage of onset. Patients can have persistent or recurrent bleeding, and some local performance for the bleeding tendency, such as repeated epistaxis or menorrhagia. Stasis points and Yuban can occur in any part of the skin and mucous membrane, but the limbs to more remote. Will have gastrointestinal and urinary tract hemorrhage. Trauma may also appear deep hematoma. Intracranial hemorrhage rare, but in the event of acute attacks occur. Breathing deep in the spleen, even reach.

Primary ITP the etiology and pathogenesis, has not yet been clarified. And that is a more immune-related diseases.

At present western medicine treatment of ITP and allergic purpura is the preferred drug hormones, taken after the platelet generally increased, but the side effects of hormone very great increase in platelets at the same time will add many new diseases, such as concentric Obesity, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, and hormone reduction, the platelet will be reduced, after stopping attacks will be repeated. Splenectomy risk of surgery, patients themselves difficult to accept. Spleen is the body’s immune organ, the splenectomy after the immunocompromised patients, easily lead to serious infections, to patients with physical and mental brought great suffering, the splenectomy after the relapse rate in 58 percent. Is there a method not only increased platelet, disease control, but also alternative hormone, the body will not produce side effects » National autoimmune disease experts, doctors Beijing Gulou Chinese medicine hospitals in Beijing Museum of primary ITP specialist founder Professor Jin Chu-lan mainly of the Group Based on years of clinical experience, with great concentration study, the use of early-model of the first principle of immunity The establishment of the integrity of the Chinese concept of immunology. The results stated ITP the pathogenesis.

Professor Jin Chu-lan was born in 1952 in Fujian She Nationality Chinese family, graduated from the Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In the autoimmune disease treatment and research for nearly 30 years, keen to medicine, industry expertise in ground handling. Is the capital of the Gulou Chinese medicine hospitals Medical University (Beijing Medical Museum) experts, and as lupus erythematosus, director of the Institute of Dalian, Weihai bimodal director of the Institute of Chinese Medicine, director of the Chinese Society for Chinese Medicine, Chinese Society for Chinese Medicine Council of AIDS , Vice chairman of the China International Association for autoimmune diseases to health care professionals, chairman of the Committee, “capital of medicine” Magazine Editors.

Professor Jin Chu-lan, ITP is the pathogenesis of pulp, the onset of incentives (such incentives can come from both inside and outside) the stimulation, Ki-hang of Fu’s “pulp” to respond and produce a The whole concept of the viscera model to meet the changes. This pattern projector in a holistic manner to various body organs viscera. Rapidly, and form a new body, and when this status and further strengthen the “pulp” to stimulate the formation of a vicious circle. This vicious cycle of continued role in the body, so that pathological changes in the body, which showed systemic symptoms, skin Yuban or stasis, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, urine, menorrhagia, blood in the stool, cerebral hemorrhage, but also performance To the symptoms of anemia. This is what we said ITP.

Leukemia incidence of internal and external reasons

External factors is an indispensable condition for the incidence, there are three types:
1. Physics: the main radiation, UV to asbestos fibers as the representative of the dust, cadmium, asphalt as the representative of various harmful substances. Long-term exposure to these substances than the disease the opportunity to contact high-three to 10 times. Such as the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, Japan, the former Soviet Union nuclear power plant accidents have caused a considerable number of leukemia patients.
2. Chemical: leukemia and 80 percent of the pollution.
3. Biological: Lord caused by viruses and bacteria.
More than external factors, mainly due to the following five.
1. Genetic: family history of leukemia and for how high, sometimes higher than the general population 3-4 times.
2. Spirit: the spirit and the longer suppressed and depressed on.
3. Immune: weakened immunity are prone to malfunction or disease.
4. Bad habits: smoking, including alcohol, the partial eclipse and unscientific, such as cooking.
5. Nutrition: Recipes of the vitamins, minerals and protein, fat, sugar, cellulose, such as lack or loss of balance, and so can cause disorder in the environment.

Leukemia and indoor pollution

Leukemia and in the end of the indoor pollution? » Reporter on the 29th that the international indoor air quality and climate Association (ISIAQ) China Branch of China Indoor Decoration Association indoor environment monitoring center of China and the Leukemia Foundation decided to work together to carry out leukemia patients indoor environment investigation to find out the interior decoration with the blood of The relationship between the disease.

The event will take advantage of the indoor environment monitoring center in the nation in more than 30 sub-centres throughout the country, choice of 300 families, focusing on the decoration within two years, suffering from blood diseases within a year of the family, free indoor environment Harmful gases and radioactive material detection, the data will be experts from the two sides together for analysis in order to interior decoration, indoor environment and diseases of the blood relationship between the scientific judgement.

Youth Sports prevent anemia

Anemia is a common disease of the regular physical exercise among the crowd of a higher incidence of adolescent girls more boys. Who participate in sports as usual sense of dizziness, insomnia, anorexia, means that this is more than the body of the symptoms of iron deficiency or anemia. Youth Sports susceptible to anaemia, in the past people would think is its partial eclipse, and other physiological factors. In recent years, domestic and foreign medical research, its causes are complex.

It is well known that iron in the body involved in a major hemoglobin, myoglobin, a variety of hemoglobin and enzymes of cells. Hemoglobin in the blood is the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide carrier, which combine oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries, delivered to the organization, then the organization of exhaled carbon dioxide to the lungs in vitro; Myoglobin is the muscle of oxygen stored in the premises, in sports The most hypoxia when the release of large amounts of oxygen; oxidase cell hemoglobin and the mitochondria are aerobic of the material essential to generate energy. 67% of the body in charge of distribution of iron in hemoglobin in the delivery of oxygen. 27 percent of iron stored in the liver, spleen and bone marrow, stored in the rest of myoglobin.

The Sports Medicine study found that the body is still in the development of young people, the body of the demand for iron, if not take the initiative, a sense of added iron, the body easily lead to iron deficiency symptoms.

On the other hand, the movement itself will increase the excessive consumption of iron. Physical exercise in human sweat more, the concentration of iron in sweat up to 40 to 60 ng / ml. Sweating more than the loss of iron means increased movement of the muscles increases hemoglobin in the blood and iron content of the high-level than normal, the body of iron requirements corresponding increases red blood cell movement, the life span of more than a movement Fewer people short of its iron metabolism rate and conversion rate will be increased. Therefore, to participate in sports activities particularly vulnerable to the intense physical exercise the body of iron deficiency, there can be serious iron deficiency anemia.

In addition to the above reasons, the recent Japanese experts found that fierce campaign will damage red blood cells or muscle damage caused by the excessive loss of iron, iron deficiency anemia brought symptoms. Chiba Prefecture Cihui Medical University scholar on the North Island in the 1991 Games led to note that the phenomenon of anemia. In recent years, he attended five days a week over the training of young people known as the “campaign group”, known as the addition of “non-family movement,” the survey they conducted found that “people movement” in the symptoms of anemia Many young people, no symptoms of anemia but also the lack of a large number of iron. There is no difference between men and women. Diagnosed as suffering from the lack of anemia and iron 107 “campaign group” Statistics found that many in track and field, basketball and volleyball for young people in the above symptoms. Kitajima explained that the movement stepped on the ground, the soles of the feet by the impact of the blood vessels, or because of muscle movement, red blood cells and vessel walls in the collision, may cause damage to red blood cells. Inadequate preparations and excessive campaign will damage the muscles, causing hemoglobin from the muscle.

Iron plays a crucial role in human health, iron deficiency will inevitably lead to all kinds of adverse reactions. Iron deficiency, aerobic exercise training will decline, the low-oxygen valve; VO2max decreased exercise tolerance decreased accumulation of lactic acid more prone to fatigue, shortness of breath during exercise, the pole appeared earlier, the reaction is strong movement Heart burden, rapid heart rate after exercise, and the slow restoration. The hospital for an examination that the hemoglobin protein and iron levels drop, the level of porphyrin iron increased, and so on. If achieve the degree of anemia, then a slightly activities will be palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, eye and conjunctiva, lips, nails pale and serious that the key fingers.

Prevention of anemia caused by movement, the movement is found to have every weakness, memory decline and other symptoms, or urine red, black (red blood cell damage the performance), and other phenomena, we should pay attention to reduce the amount of exercise, to avoid greater intensity Sports, sports to be done before the preparatory activities and organize campaigns, campaigns should wear comfortable shoes to slow down in the face of the impact of foot; more than usual attention to iron intake of high food such as liver, lean meat, beans And green leafy vegetables, etc., may also have iron preparations, such as ferrous gluconate, such as ferrous sulfate. In addition, in particular, should be careful not to artificially dieting.

What is thalassemia What are the clinical manifestations

Thalassemia is hemolytic anemia in a large type. As the first in Italy, Greece and other Mediterranean region and the nation as descendants of immigrants found in the disease, then called “Mediterranean anemia.” In addition to the Mediterranean region later found, other clinical areas to the sea is also a high incidence area of the disease, known as “thalassemia.”

Thalassemia is due to autosomal genetic defects, the cause-linked protein peptide synthesis obstacles, so that one or more of the protein peptide-linked inadequate or complete lack of volume, resulting in such-linked protein involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin reduction. - Protein linked to the amino acid sequence does not in itself unusual. Where α-linked protein synthesis inhibition, called the “α thalassemia”; β-linked protein synthesis inhibition, called “β thalassemia.” Mediterranean, the Middle East, Arab, India, Southeast Asia β thalassemia incidence of the highest in Southeast Asia, including South China α thalassemia is the high incidence area. China’s Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Taiwan provinces α β thalassemia are more common, south of the Yangtze River provinces such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hubei, and so have reported sporadic cases. Because of different genetic defects, the performance of the severity of the disease is very different, in fetal and infant and child that is due to the heavy death of hemolytic anemia, abnormal hemoglobin Although there are no life and clinical symptoms.

Thalassemia genotype and phenotype are diversified, very different. Often based on clinical signs and symptoms of the severity of light into the middle-and heavy-duty, and genotypes can be divided into heterozygous and homozygous type. General heavy homozygous for sure, for sure light heterozygous, and the intermediate type includes many different genetic basis of diseases, including lighter and heavier homozygous heterozygotes β thalassemia and hemoglobin H disease and α and β Thalassemia heterozygous, and so on.

1. Homozygotes thalassemia

Infancy (Health after 6 to September) incidence, anemia, looking pale, jaundice, weight loss, abdominal gradual uplift, sexual enlarged liver and spleen. Because of growth retardation can form a special appearance: first, for the top, occipital uplift, prominent cheeks, nose Diping, two distance widened. Systemic change throughout the skeleton, mainly due to significant long-term bone marrow hyperplasia, the bone marrow cavity wider, bone thinning. Most patients died at an early age that is, the cause of death for many infections, advanced blood disease caused by organ damage. If survival in sexual development period, often because of obstacles without the Second Sex levy, other than common endocrine dysfunction. Patients often splenomegaly, Hypersplenism while WBC, thrombocytopenia, a variety of infections and bleeding.

2. Heterozygous thalassemia

Most patients with asymptomatic, a small number of patients with regular flu fatigue, may have mild anemia, splenomegaly. Normal growth and development, no bones change, the general census in the family or when the investigation found. Low pigment anemia. Tablets can see the target blood cells, red blood cells to reduce infiltration brittle, basophils, Choi cells increased, HbA2 slightly higher. Hyperplasia of red bone marrow cells increased slightly, iron staining iron tablets David cells increased.

3. Intermediate thalassemia

Middle-thalassemia contain the genetic basis of many different kinds of patients. Varying degrees of anemia, spleen mild to moderate swelling, bone marrow can have mild to change. Such patients often need long-term blood transfusion to maintain life. But still the later development of mature, the majority of patients can survive to adulthood.

4. Hemoglobin H disease (α + thalassemia)

Most patients in the 1-year-old symptoms began to appear, mainly for the performance of H gradually increased hemoglobin, mild to moderate chronic anemia, intermittent mild attack of jaundice, about 2 / 3 patients hepatosplenomegaly. Due to infection or other reasons may increase anemia, generally without stunting, bone changes very light. Common with cholelithiasis.

5. Bart’’s fetal hemoglobin edema syndrome (α thalassemia)

30 to 40 weeks of pregnancy, abortion fetal death or premature death. Fetal body edema, pale, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, chest and also often pericardial effusion, heart expand, mild jaundice. Placenta large and fragile. Tablets RBC low blood pigment, irregular size, contour, and other significant changes, the target cell and a lot of cells. Reticulocyte significantly increased. Hyperplasia of red bone marrow cells significantly increased, hemosiderosis Obviously, extramedullary hematopoiesis significant.

6. Geostationary α-thalassemia and standards α-thalassemia

Static α thalassemia is α + α with the normal gene heterozygous, with no clinical symptoms. Standard α thalassemia is α. Α gene with the normal gene homozygous, there is no clinical symptoms of patients. However, a slight blood cells to change shape, and so on.

Iron tablets of anemia

Iron tablets anemia (SA.) Is a group of iron use disorders. Characterized by a large ring in the bone marrow iron tablets David RBC, red blood cell production is invalid, too many organizations iron reserves and low blood pigment was small-cell anemia. Get into this disease and hereditary, vitamin B6 response to anemia. Acquired is divided into primary and secondary. Rail use of non-performing, hemoglobin synthesis of obstacles and red blood cells generate invalid incidence of the disease is the main link. And hemoglobin synthesis of Fu-Mei Mei and the lack of activity and reduce the disruption is the pathogenesis of the disease. Any of these reasons-the activity can lead to bad use of iron and hemoglobin synthesis obstacles, the formation of low pigment anemia and iron in red blood cells and tissue accumulation of a large number, shape and function of red blood cells damaged by premature destruction of red blood cells that Invalid generation. Iron deposition in a large number of organizations, a blood disease, affecting all organs function

[Symptoms of disease]

1. Inherited more for young people, both male and a family history; acquired often no family history. Primary, without reason, more than 50 over the age of onset. Secondary more common in tobacco use vary corpus, than the Qinshan amines, of chlorine-and anti-cancer drugs for too long after the onset. Can also be found in bone marrow cancer and proliferative diseases. 2. Incidence slow, mainly anemia-based disease symptoms and signs. Often pale skin, some patients with dark skin black. Weak, moving the palpitation, shortness of breath. 3. Mildly enlarged liver and spleen, a blood disease when the latter part of (that is, hemosiderosis deposition of genistein) hepatosplenomegaly significant. 4. Occur when a blood disease heart, kidney, liver, pulmonary insufficiency, a small number of diabetes may occur. 5. Blood: general for the moderate anemia (hemoglobin in the 70-90 g / L) a small number of severe anemia (hemoglobin 30-60 g / L) red blood cell size, red blood cells that naive. Reticulocyte normal or mildly elevated. WBC and platelet majority of normal. 6. Marrow: Red obvious proliferation of active, pathological phenomenon of blood, plasma visible vacuoles, less pulp, a lack of hemoglobin, the iron stain that iron tablets David erythrocytosis, a circular iron tablets David RBC> 15%, this is Disease characteristics, with diagnostic significance. And tablets of the nuclear giant of normal. 7. Serum iron and iron saturation of protein, iron plasma conversion rates, increased red blood cells free of Bolin. Serum iron binding capacity, lower utilization of iron. Neutrophil alkaline phosphate-points reduction.

[Diagnosis]

1. Incidence slow, as the main symptoms of anemia. 2. Hepatosplenomegaly can have. 3. Indication of low blood pigment anemia, that the young red blood cells, reticulocyte normal or mildly elevated. WBC and platelet normal. 4. Myelodysplastic significantly active, RBC shape vary, and a circular iron tablets David RBC> 15%. Granulocyte, giant of the nuclear normal. 5. Serum iron, iron-saturation, plasma and red blood cell iron conversion rates, free original Bolin increased plasma iron binding capacity, lower utilization of iron. 6. Neutrophil alkaline phosphate-points reduction.

[Treatment of]

1. The use of large doses of vitamin B6. 2. The use of male hormones. 3. The proper use of adrenal cortex hormones. 4. Preparations can be used in addition to iron, iron reduction in the excessive accumulation. 5. Anemia, as appropriate, may re-infusion of red blood cells or whole blood.

[Evaluation]

There was no reference at home and abroad efficacy standards. 1. Ease: clinical symptoms improved significantly higher hemoglobin, the iron metabolism laboratory basically normal. David RBC ring iron tablets significantly reduced. 2. Progress: clinical symptoms had improved, increased hemoglobin, iron metabolism laboratory tests has improved, ring David iron tablets to reduce red blood cells. 3. Invalid: clinical symptoms and laboratory tests without progress.

[Expert Tips

Secondary iron tablets anemia is secondary to certain drugs or treatment of toxic chemicals (such as anti-tuberculosis drugs, chlorine-Su, Wanhua Ji, and other anti-cancer drugs and lead, alcohol, etc.) and certain diseases (such as bone marrow The proliferation of diseases and cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome chronic infection), the circular iron tablets of the number of young red blood cells, anemia and iron load lighter, once the withdrawal from the chemical poisons or control the disease, the use of vitamin B6, symptoms may disappear . Primary iron tablets anemia of unknown etiology, treatment is often not so ideal. Hereditary iron tablets anemia relatively rare, the most common for sex-linked genetic chromosome. Most men in their age of onset earlier, the pathogenesis of different parts of the effective treatment of vitamin B6, vitamin B6 another part of the treatment ineffective. Reasons unclear.

Chronic renal failure and sexual

Chronic renal failure (chronic renal failure) is a serious health hazard diseases, it is almost every physical damage to a system. Past 10-odd years, since the development of dialysis and transplantation, as well as medical equipment, medical personnel, financial sources of the increase in the survival rate of patients with uremia has been significantly enhanced, but the serious harm of uremia still should not be underestimated.

First, uremia, dialysis, transplants and sexual function
Patients with chronic renal failure and dysfunction more common. Generally speaking, the magnitude of uremia and loss of libido and sexual dysfunction extent is the same. With the illness earlier, and 90 percent of male patients and 80% of female patients in loss of libido; 80% of the male patients could not erect penis erection or to maintain an erection can not state. Uremic patients on female sexual function of the relative lack of reliable information also, but about three-quarters of the female patients difficult to arouse sexual excitement, about half of the female patients upsurge in the frequency of sexual desire or intensity decreased or completely lack.
Uremic patients on hemodialysis treatment, their sexual function normally no significant improvement Levy in the 536 cases of chronic renal failure patients digging investigation found that hemodialysis patients, 35% of men and 25% of the female sexual function further diminish, and only 9 percent of men and 6 percent of women in sexual function after hemodialysis has improved. In hemodialysis treatment, the patient’s sexuality may have improved, but other aspects of sexual dysfunction has given the patient a greater distressed. Steele, and other reports, 17 cases of hemodialysis patients, seven cases simply can not achieve sexual intercourse, sexual intercourse is rarely six cases (less than one per month), only two cases of sexual intercourse once a week. In fact, these patients still want their subjective sex life can be carried out normally. Uremia, or a small part of the male patients in dialysis can not ejaculate or ejaculation problems in those taking this issue guanidine or a B-methyl-dopa control of hypertension patients more common. Uremia or female hemodialysis patients, about one-fifth of the existence sexual intercourse difficult.
Successful renal transplantation can not completely solve the patients with chronic renal failure sexual dysfunction problems. Levy reports, the success of kidney transplantation women, their sexual function can be restored to the level before the illness, and a considerable number of male patients is not. Other researchers report, the success of kidney transplantation patients, their sexuality can be restored, but their sexual dysfunction has not fully recovered. Salvatierra and other reports, many male patients in sexual function after renal transplantation restored to the level of before, but Procci, such as Hoffman and Chatterjee found that renal transplant patients after the success of the men and women, the frequency of sexual intercourse was significantly lower than the level before the illness.

Second, etiology
(1) severe renal failure hormone levels in female patients often amenorrhea (or months after less) and infertility. These female sex hormone levels of patients still lack a detailed study. However, the clinical manifestations and common breast atrophy, reduced vaginal lubrication, atrophic vaginitis, and so on, may be the lack of signs of estrogen. Hemodialysis, the girls do not have occurred in patients menorrhagia. Female long-term dialysis patients, full-term pregnancy is extremely rare, but after the success of kidney transplantation dramatically improve fertility, and may have a relatively smooth pregnancy.
Men uremic patients can typically arise testicular atrophy and sperm production obstacles, and in hemodialysis after no improvement in their levels of testosterone is usually lower, even if also a good uremic control remains the same. Many reports that the cycle of these patients gonadotropin (LH and FSH) levels increased, however, some patients LH and FSH levels are normal, and this shows that chronic renal patients may have co hypothalamus dysfunction. On the Leydig cell function is normal, there are different views, some people think that one of their testicular function normally, while some researchers think that such functional decline. Successful kidney transplant within a few months after return to normal levels of testosterone, and the desire to improve patient is the same. Uremia, or hemodialysis patients after oral testosterone-enhanced Although sexuality, but it does not restore ejaculation or erectile function.
Patients with chronic renal failure in the breast of a female who was less see, but in hemodialysis patients with the more common cut. This phenomenon Lactagogue whether the increased levels of hormones is not clear whether the same can be “after the resumption of nutrition-man female breast” comparable to, and no conclusions. The so-called “nutrition men after the resumption of female breast development,” can be found in long-term hunger again after the nutritional intake of a large number of patients.

(B) factors of uremic patients and hemodialysis patients often nervous system dysfunction. Involvement of the pelvic autonomic nervous system uremic neurological disorders, undoubtedly will cause male or female sexual dysfunction, although the mechanism may be only a small minority of patients pathogenic factors. Another found that male patients with blood-line vibration sensitivity increased, it may be all of these patients reduce the excitability of the reasons for the uremic encephalopathy of sexual inhibition, may also be one of the causes.

(C) associated with diseases and drug effects leading to chronic renal failure in certain diseases, the impact on sexual function in the kidney does not rely on the extent of the damage. These diseases include diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, nodular more arteritis, scleroderma, amyloidosis, sarcoma, heavy metal poisoning and tuberculosis. In addition, some of the complications of chronic renal failure, such as anemia, abnormal calcium metabolism disorders and other electrolytes, can cause weakness, loss of libido and neuromuscular dysfunction. Uremia often immunocompromised patients, the risk of infection. Female patients often a vaginal infection, resulting in poor or vaginal intercourse Run difficulties.
Many uremic patients with hypertension, it takes control of blood pressure drugs. Some antihypertensive agents on the function of the damage has been described in detail in the section, will not repeat them here.

(D) psychological factors uremia is a serious life-threatening diseases, patients and their families had great mental pressure. Because dialysis patients physical activity is restricted, dependent on dialysis for life, the loss of control over their own lives, and often have depression, depression and other performance. The patient’s family refused to add to the negative economic, wife increasing burden of household chores, and can not be normal life, and some patients may be a harmonious relationship between the husband and wife, thus more emotionally depressed patients. Steele, who report depression hemodialysis patients and the extent of sexual dysfunction in the relationship between the severity of the very close. Because depression can lead to loss of libido and sexual dysfunction, it is likely a common human blood is the main pathogenic factors.

Third, treatment
At present, the majority of organic chronic renal failure complications certainly no effect. Hormone therapy is generally believed that future generations do not have to improve sexual function role. However, a recent report suggested that long-term use of male patients with uremia acid citrate rubber at the end of phenol-amine (clomiphene citrate), 100 mg per day, could resume normal levels of testosterone, and to enhance sexual desire, the capacity to resume normal sexual intercourse. It was also found that zinc deficiency in hemodialysis patients, such as dialysis solution include adequate zinc, the levels of testosterone and sexual function may correct lower, suggesting that Ji may be added as a treatment measures. However, these two methods need further studies to confirm that and I can recommend clinical application. Female patients should be promptly found vaginal infections, timely treatment.
Uremic patients deal with the problem of the most effective ways, the key is to provide advisory services. For consultation work, doctors need to know some of these patients typical psychological defense mechanisms such as denial, speculation, transfer topic or a reflection, and to keep the attention of Mrs. found patients lazy or depressed issues such as suicide attempts, enlighten patients ideas, enhance its Life confidence, while paying attention to help patients deal with family relationships. Training group will be able to necessary medical knowledge and certain social psychology knowledge mastery of expertise, is doing a good job of the work of an important guarantee for advice. If necessary, the patient is individual psychotherapy, group therapy is often used in general, such as in the latter case, consideration should be given to patients and their spouses for as a group.
In some cases, patients can be identified sexual dysfunction is purely spiritual nature. For example, after the success of kidney transplantation, the effect of treatment may be better. On the sex life of the people too eager, in a separate application during the dialysis treatment is often difficult to work, because of their mental burden too heavy, then, should be effective treatment and psychological treatment combination.

Chronic renal failure delayed the progress of new ways

At present, many bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) coding genes have been successfully cloned, and has been identified is transforming growth factor - β (TGF-β) superfamily. All this will increase the scientific and technological personnel to study these molecules of interest, and to further observe the expression and function of the creation of the conditions.

Missouri, the United States Department of the Washington University School of Medicine and his colleagues will Klahr S ureteral obstruction rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 for the placebo control group, Group 2 of enalapril, the dose of 12.5 mg / kg / day; Group 3 of BMP-7, doses of 50 or 300 &mgr; g / kg; Group 4 at the same time of enalapril and large doses of BMP-7. They also linked urea in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model of the role of BMP-7 were observed.

The researchers found that, ureteral obstruction three days after reperfusion in rats, application of BMP-7 treatment can reduce mesenchymal capacity, speed up recovery of renal function. In diabetic continued after 16 weeks, rats given BMP-7 treatment. Application of BMP-7 can be partially reversed renal hypertrophy, GFR returned to normal, and reduce proteinuria.

Klahr, and so concluded that these studies indicate that BMP-7, in the application of the maintenance and restoration of ureteral obstruction and diabetic nephropathy animals renal function and structure.

Whether the transmission and genetic cancer

Many experts at home and abroad after many years of medical research, come to the following conclusions: Cancer is not transmitted, is not genetic! Although the cancer cells in the patients with metastasis to the proliferation and everywhere, but it Unlike bacteria and viruses, transmitted from one person to another person. On their own, others of cancer cells is a foreign body, the body through a strong immune rejection capability, cancer cells destroyed by the enemy. Therefore, the people can not be transmitted to the cancer cells in their own survival. And genetic transmission is two totally different concepts. Bacterial infection is caused by viruses or infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, and other genetic blood relationship is due to the same family, people suffering from a disease. According to the biologist Mendelian genetic law, scientists have conducted repeated studies and the final conclusion: At a large malignant tumor, only to hereditary retinoblastoma cells, and cells in the retina of all, only about 40% of genetic the.