The signs of emphysema

1, symptoms: mainly gradually increase the difficulty of respiratory classes, activities, weight, resting at the light, often accompanied with a cough, can be re-emerging cyanosis;
2, signs: a barrel chest and respiratory movement weakened, weakened language chatter, the call was a Qingyin, auscultation-breathing weakened, extended breath.

The elderly emphysema patients with a reasonable campaign

Chronic bronchitis is easy secondary pulmonary emphysema, the course of time, chronic pulmonary heart disease. Many of the elderly, so not only premature loss of the ability to work, long-term Kechuan, very painful, and often the disease pessimism, and some have even lost their confidence in life. In fact, suffering from emphysema patients, if a reasonable exercise, can improve symptoms received a clear effect.
Well, emphysema patients should choose what kind of movement? »
Emphysema patients should strive to outdoor activities, to take a walk to take a walk, quickly walking to walk fast, even sitting in an outdoor sitting under the sun is also good, the key is acting according to our capability, from place to place, and the time. To adhere to peacetime health massage every day, especially for Ying-point (nose on both sides), people in green, the wind House Points (after the pillow at the center of convex depression), He Guxue, according to massage the anti-clockwise 60. Cold-water wash your face, wash nose help to improve the body’s resistance to emphysema patients, is worth promoting.
Emphysema patients breathe, in order to achieve adequate ventilation, often for extended Xiongshihuxi. However, due to years of high frail emphysema patients, the Calcification rib chest, thorax limited scope of activities, often using auxiliary breathing muscles to work. Thus breathing when Song Jian, Shen Jing, abdominal contraction, such diaphragmatic Shangtai, not only can not increase ventilation, but accelerated the respiratory rate, increased hypoxia symptoms. If the patient can relax the tension assisted breathing muscles (chest and abdominal muscles), to strengthen abdominal breathing, we can improve the respiratory function.
Abdominal breathing exercises emphysema patients is the main movement. Patients choose a comfortable position, relax the attention of shoulder and back muscles, practicing breath from the start. Breathing, lips slightly reduced, the gas will slowly I (consciously fine respiratory) Chuichu, on the abdomen slowly subsidence, the beginning of training are not accustomed to, his hands pressing the abdomen, then ups and downs. Breathing when closed, the nasal cavity slowly Shenxi, abdomen followed uplift, suction End gas can pause a moment to breath. For abdominal breathing training can increase the diaphragmatic from top to bottom, slow breathing profound, this can significantly improve ventilation and ventilation functions, the emphysema patients is very favorable.
Emphysema patients the right to exercise guidance, help from the bronchial endocrine, to prevent the premature blocking the airway, to increase ventilation. Reasonable exercise can improve heart and lung function, improve the body’s resistance capacity, in particular, can prevent colds and upper respiratory tract infection and other diseases. Therefore, emphysema patient’s movement is particularly important, as long as perseverance in practice, will receive significant results.

Early identification and treatment of emphysema

Many people have been suffering from emphysema, but also that they have the bronchitis or asthma, which delayed the treatment.

Emphysema is a lung acinar any part of the permanent expansion of abnormal, with devastating change. Generally speaking, if the following conditions, is suffering from pulmonary emphysema: chronic bronchitis, asthma history, cough, sputum, gradually increasing difficulty in breathing, cyanosis gradually deepening a barrel chest, chest diameter by , Lei Jianxi widened, difficulty in breathing, lips finger cyanosis, chest respiratory movement weakened, weakened language chatter, sound-absorbing low Kouzhen inspection, the extension of breath; x-ray can show Shuangfei through enhanced brightness, reduce peripheral lung profiling, Wang declined separated, sports bad; lung function decreased significantly.

The degree of lung function difficulty in breathing for five: First of work, walking and ladder from top to bottom with the same age as healthy; second at the ground to walk the same age and health are the same, and the uphill walk with the ladder can not be healthy The same for the third time when the plains on foot at its own pace can be more than one kilometer walk, but less than the rate of health; fourth time when walking to repeat rest, 50 meters can not be cooked up absolute walk in the end; fifth time To speak, turned around, dressing, dining will be a shortness of breath.

Had emphysema after how do «first bronchial infection prevention and control, not smoking or smoking cessation, proper sports, enhance physical fitness, prevention of influenza. If cough, sputum should immediately seek medical treatment, and control of infection with antibiotics. This was followed by a respiratory gymnastics, insisted in the morning and deep breathing exercise, exercise abdominal breathing, or to do mainly of Xiongshihuxi intercostal muscle movement. In the treatment of serving on the admissibility of positive-pressure oxygen therapy and respiratory therapy. Attention should also be reduced bronchial spasms, improving pulmonary circulation.

What is seborrheic dermatitis

What causes seborrheic dermatitis
What are the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis check what needs to be done
How to treat

Overview
Seborrheic dermatitis is more than the distribution occurred in sebaceous rich part of a chronic skin inflammation, often downward since the beginning of the spread of the head, typical damage to An Huang Hung-papules or plaque, a clear edge, greasy surface coating of Linxie Paper or callus, with varying degrees of itching.

Cause
The disease causes not clear, some researchers believe that this disease is in Pizhiyichu on the basis of skin surface of normal flora imbalance, oval pityrosporum increase in growth caused by bacteria spores. Other factors such as genetics, stress, diet structure, chemical stimulation, Shampoo the ground, living without rules, B vitamins lack of alcohol, all with the occurrence of this disease and the development of a certain relationship.

Symptoms
1, the surface coating of Linxie or oily skin scab, a clear edge Anhuang red grouper, grouper plates or Ban Qiuzhen.
2, rash occurs in the scalp, eyebrows Department, eyelids, nose and on both sides, ears, neck, chest and upper back area between the scapula, armpit, groin, navel Waterloo, and other rich sebaceous distribution sites.
3, symptoms to varying degrees of itching.
4, occurs in adults or newborns.
5, chronic disease, easily repeated, the head often cause seborrheic alopecia.

Check
1, skin diseases special inspection.
2, pathological examination.

Treatment
1, systemic treatment:
(1) vitamins: vitamin B2, B6 and vitamin B complex, and so on.
(2) and anti depressants: intense itching, to be calm antipruritic agent.
(3) inflammation or inflammation of the significantly larger when appropriate given corticosteroid hormones and antibiotics.
2, local treatment: to dissolve sebum and reduce excess fat, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-itching.
(1) corticosteroid preparations.
(2) antibiotic agents.
(3) anti-fungal agents.

Sun can eat tomatoes anti-wrinkle

Tomato is not only nutritious, but also the skin’s natural protective umbrella. According to the British “Independent” reported on April 30, the latest research shows that eating cooked tomatoes or tomato sauce can sunscreen and wrinkle resistance.
Manchester University researchers measured the crowd will be divided into two groups, a group of Changshi tomato sauce, a group do not eat. Results of people eat tomato sauce skin Kangshai capacity than the other group increased by 33 percent. Not only is sunscreen, eat tomatoes also reflected the effect of the ageing of the skin to resist the issue. Skin exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays will be hurt, the radicals will change the molecular structure of the skin, leading to premature skin aging and even skin cancer. And contains a lot of tomato antioxidants lycopene, can effectively fight against free radicals.

Research has proven that cooked tomatoes than the Health and tomato lycopene content higher. The ingredients used to make tomato sauce in lycopene content is very rich. Professor Luo De University of Manchester, said: “eat more tomatoes, can improve the skin collagen, which helps us to reverse time and space, back to the young.” Therefore, the tomato table Ms Amy reason to become an indispensable goods.

How samples ventilator

When a patient stopped breathing, use artificial respiration and help maintain respiratory function independently stimulate the resumption of the method is artificial. Ventilator is the scene where critically ill patients (in the absence of oxygen under the conditions of) one of the most commonly used Jijiu Fa.

There are many ways to go out, the family used a mouth-to breathing and chest supine pressure ventilator law.
Mouth-to go out of the main points are as follows: First the patient supine, head Yang, the first export suction chamber part of the throat secretions, to maintain respiratory unobstructed. Emergency patients who stay in the side of the primary Tuoqi patients with lower, with nostrils Niezhu the other hand, patients with mouth open and covered apply gauze, first aid, first Shenxi breath, at the mouth of force Chuiru, and then rapidly The rise, and at the same time loosened his hands, listening to echo there, said if the airway open. So repeatedly, each time about 16-20 minutes, until the automatic resumption of breathing.

As soon as possible prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia

Sickle cell disease, also known as sickle-shaped red blood cell anemia, a genetic disease, which led to the patient’s red blood cells flattened or distorted, so that the shape of red blood cells to change into sickle-like. This will be the destruction of red blood cells, can not carry oxygen to all parts of the body. In addition, the red blood cell adhesion together and easy to block formation of clotting, causing heart attack or stroke. Hypoxia and clotting may also block the formation of a leg, arm, chest, back, etc. of pain.

March 17, in Los Angeles at the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and the annual meeting, from the University of Southern California hospital Cage Professor Johnson, who reports, a manufacturer of artificial sweeteners, Effects of winter days Phenylalanine methyl ester, may be blocked sickle cell anemia in the pathogenesis. Effects of winter days phenylalanine methyl principle of the role of maintaining stability is to make red blood cells, thus preventing the formation of sickle-like.

The researchers believe that treatment may be due to the mechanism of red blood cells only intake of sugar, and red blood cells may also like the taste, Bunengqubie days in winter Effects of phenylalanine methyl ester and Sugar distinction. Effects of days this winter phenylalanine methyl ester into between hemoglobin, thus preventing them together.

The researchers found that treatment involving the use of large doses of days in winter Effects of phenylalanine methyl ester, a more satisfactory results. Roughly the equivalent weight of 100 pounds of patients with a quarter cup of water Fuxia 13 tablets.

However, the researchers said, sickle-like formation of red blood cells only sickle-shaped red blood cell anemia is a factor to prevent the disease process and can not solve all the problems. Effects of the present-day winter phenylalanine methyl ester also can not be used for sickle-shaped red blood cell anemia in clinical treatment, did not carry out large-scale study of patients. The researchers said they would further carry out the experiment and observation effect.

What is thalassemia What are the clinical manifestations

Thalassemia is hemolytic anemia in a large type. As the first in Italy, Greece and other Mediterranean region and the nation as descendants of immigrants found in the disease, then called “Mediterranean anemia.” In addition to the Mediterranean region later found, other clinical areas to the sea is also a high incidence area of the disease, known as “thalassemia.”

Thalassemia is due to autosomal genetic defects, the cause-linked protein peptide synthesis obstacles, so that one or more of the protein peptide-linked inadequate or complete lack of volume, resulting in such-linked protein involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin reduction. - Protein linked to the amino acid sequence does not in itself unusual. Where α-linked protein synthesis inhibition, called the “α thalassemia”; β-linked protein synthesis inhibition, called “β thalassemia.” Mediterranean, the Middle East, Arab, India, Southeast Asia β thalassemia incidence of the highest in Southeast Asia, including South China α thalassemia is the high incidence area. China’s Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Taiwan provinces α β thalassemia are more common, south of the Yangtze River provinces such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hubei, and so have reported sporadic cases. Because of different genetic defects, the performance of the severity of the disease is very different, in fetal and infant and child that is due to the heavy death of hemolytic anemia, abnormal hemoglobin Although there are no life and clinical symptoms.

Thalassemia genotype and phenotype are diversified, very different. Often based on clinical signs and symptoms of the severity of light into the middle-and heavy-duty, and genotypes can be divided into heterozygous and homozygous type. General heavy homozygous for sure, for sure light heterozygous, and the intermediate type includes many different genetic basis of diseases, including lighter and heavier homozygous heterozygotes β thalassemia and hemoglobin H disease and α and β Thalassemia heterozygous, and so on.

1. Homozygotes thalassemia

Infancy (Health after 6 to September) incidence, anemia, looking pale, jaundice, weight loss, abdominal gradual uplift, sexual enlarged liver and spleen. Because of growth retardation can form a special appearance: first, for the top, occipital uplift, prominent cheeks, nose Diping, two distance widened. Systemic change throughout the skeleton, mainly due to significant long-term bone marrow hyperplasia, the bone marrow cavity wider, bone thinning. Most patients died at an early age that is, the cause of death for many infections, advanced blood disease caused by organ damage. If survival in sexual development period, often because of obstacles without the Second Sex levy, other than common endocrine dysfunction. Patients often splenomegaly, Hypersplenism while WBC, thrombocytopenia, a variety of infections and bleeding.

2. Heterozygous thalassemia

Most patients with asymptomatic, a small number of patients with regular flu fatigue, may have mild anemia, splenomegaly. Normal growth and development, no bones change, the general census in the family or when the investigation found. Low pigment anemia. Tablets can see the target blood cells, red blood cells to reduce infiltration brittle, basophils, Choi cells increased, HbA2 slightly higher. Hyperplasia of red bone marrow cells increased slightly, iron staining iron tablets David cells increased.

3. Intermediate thalassemia

Middle-thalassemia contain the genetic basis of many different kinds of patients. Varying degrees of anemia, spleen mild to moderate swelling, bone marrow can have mild to change. Such patients often need long-term blood transfusion to maintain life. But still the later development of mature, the majority of patients can survive to adulthood.

4. Hemoglobin H disease (α + thalassemia)

Most patients in the 1-year-old symptoms began to appear, mainly for the performance of H gradually increased hemoglobin, mild to moderate chronic anemia, intermittent mild attack of jaundice, about 2 / 3 patients hepatosplenomegaly. Due to infection or other reasons may increase anemia, generally without stunting, bone changes very light. Common with cholelithiasis.

5. Bart’’s fetal hemoglobin edema syndrome (α thalassemia)

30 to 40 weeks of pregnancy, abortion fetal death or premature death. Fetal body edema, pale, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, chest and also often pericardial effusion, heart expand, mild jaundice. Placenta large and fragile. Tablets RBC low blood pigment, irregular size, contour, and other significant changes, the target cell and a lot of cells. Reticulocyte significantly increased. Hyperplasia of red bone marrow cells significantly increased, hemosiderosis Obviously, extramedullary hematopoiesis significant.

6. Geostationary α-thalassemia and standards α-thalassemia

Static α thalassemia is α + α with the normal gene heterozygous, with no clinical symptoms. Standard α thalassemia is α. Α gene with the normal gene homozygous, there is no clinical symptoms of patients. However, a slight blood cells to change shape, and so on.

Urine color

COL [English abbreviation]

[Reference] normal urine is yellow, clear and transparent liquid. When more people drinking, urination frequency and volume will increase accordingly, this will be a very simple urine yellow. When the water or sweating a lot less, the frequency of urination will be a corresponding reduction in the quantity and at this time will be dark yellow urine.

[Clinical significance] if you found in the urine clearly abnormal urine color, that might mean urinary system problems arise, refer to the following tips.
1. Pink or red urine: Where visible to the naked eye Pale Pink , washing meat water samples, blood coagulation massive mixed with urine collectively referred to as gross hematuria, urine contains large amounts of red blood cells. Such as urine appearance no big change, only visible under the microscope before the hematuria called microscopic hematuria. Hematuria was particularly prevalent in the renal tuberculosis, kidney tumors, kidney stones, urinary tract stones, acute glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, bladder go far. Women with menstrual period to stay in the urine testing, will be easily mixed with vaginal blood in the urine, causing false “hematuria”, the menstrual period is not desirable in the urine testing, and use phenolphthalein, the
Huang drugs such as alkaline urine red.
2. Tea-colored urine or soy sauce: mostly Hemoglobinuria, common in Vicia faba disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, blood type incompatible blood transfusion reflect.
3. Shenhuangse urine: a color soybean oil from the container before disposal containers, easy to peg the wall hard inverted net, after more than a bubble shocks, bilirubin urine, jaundice was particularly prevalent in the hepatitis; also seen taking vitamin B12, eliminate drops Ling, with the acidity of the rhubarb in the urine.
4. Milky white urine: a milky white as milk, as called chyluria. More lymphatic obstruction caused. Filariasis in common, but also because of tuberculosis, cancer, chest and abdominal trauma caused by renal lymph circulation around obstacles caused rupture of the ureter or renal pelvis, obstruction of the lymphatic fluid into the urine chylothorax.
5. White or cloudy urine: some special food and vegetables contain more carbonate or phosphate, especially in the cold weather, the urine can show white turbid or precipitation phenomena, after heating and processing acid turbidity and sedimentation No major problems disappear. However, concentrated urine and bacteria in the urine due to urine contains a lot of concentration, such as inflammatory cells or bacteria exudation, fresh urine sample turbidity top, a white cloud-like, heating acid its turbidity not disappear, such urine was particularly prevalent in the urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, bladder go far.
6. Blue-green urine: a predilection for taking blue, indomethacin, Triamterene, such as neopterin drugs.
Note: Urine analysis of urine color printing English counterparts:
LT: shallow DK: deep;
YELLOW: yellow; ORANGE orange; BROWN: Brown;
RED: Red; BLUE: Blue; GREEN: Green

Chronic renal failure clinical staging what is the criterion?

Clinical staging criteria:
1, renal decompensation: normal glomerular filtration rate of 120 ml per minute. This period of glomerular filtration rate decreased to 30-60 ml / min, renal units declined by about 20% -25%. Although this loss of renal reserve capacity, but the excretion of metabolites, and regulating water, electrolyte and acid-base balance is fairly good, so there is no special clinical performance, muscle enzyme and blood urea nitrogen sometimes usually normal or mildly elevated.
2, azotemia: This period of glomerular filtration rate decreased to 25 ml / min, renal units reduced by 50 percent to 70 percent, kidney dysfunction enrichment, a nocturnal enuresis or urine, the varying levels of anemia often azotemia, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels. Clinical can have fatigue, anorexia, nausea, and mild systemic discomfort. If this period of neglect renal protection or body additional loads, such as severe vomiting, diarrhea, caused by insufficient blood volume, a serious kidney infection and the use of toxic drugs can be caused by the rapid decline of renal function and failure.
3, renal failure period (pre-uremic): glomerular filtration rate decreased from 10 to 15 ml per minute, renal units declined about 70% -90%, and renal function were severely damaged, can not be maintained machine the in vivo metabolism and water electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is impossible for the body to maintain a stable environment, resulting serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen were significantly higher urine concentration dilution dysfunction, acidosis, Shuinazhuliu, low calcium, high-phosphorus, such as high potassium imbalance performance. Can be significantly anemia and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite. Also had neurological symptoms, such as fatigue, attention focused, such as sleepiness.
4, uremia period: glomerular filtration rate dropped to 10 ml per minute below -15 ml, renal units declined more than 90%, this period is advanced chronic renal failure, renal failure of the clinical symptoms become more pronounced , for the general performance of multiple organ failure, such as the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, cardiovascular, hematopoietic system, respiratory, skin and metabolic system was seriously unbalanced. Clinical manifestations can be as nausea, vomiting, irritability, increased blood pressure, palpitation, chest tightness, not supine, difficulty in breathing, severe anemia, seizures, coma serious, often hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, low calcium, high - Phosphorus hyperlipidemia. This period need to rely on life-sustaining dialysis. Often due to hyperkalemia, cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, heart failure and sudden death.