Cord blood transplantation in the treatment of anemia

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Cord blood transplantation is a rich blood cells containing human umbilical cord blood of a placenta (cord blood) instead of bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of blood diseases and cancer of the new technology. October 1988, the United States, France scientists HLA consistency through the use of cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation compatriots, the successful treatment of children with the anemia. 1990 China used more unrelated cord blood transplantation in the treatment of children with mixed late in the malignant tumor was successful. To November 1993, the whole world with cord blood transplantation has reached 48 cases, of which China, 14 cases; HLA-mismatched cord blood transplant one case of our compatriots, HLA not mixed umbilical cord blood transplantation in 13 cases. Scientists believe cord blood cells and bone marrow cells not only can lead to gene, and is easy in, easy expansion, small features, such as pollution, as an inexhaustible supply of cord blood, cheap and available for new sources. In particular, is unrelated cord blood transplant initial success has attracted worldwide attention, the graft will be more in-depth study and perfect.

Aplastic anemia in the diagnosis and treatment

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Aplastic anemia called aplastic anemia. AA is a common bone marrow diseases, it is caused by a variety of different causes of bone marrow function of obstacles or failure of a disease there. In addition to patients with dizziness, fatigue, looking pale, and other general common symptoms of anemia, often the skin, mucous membrane bleeding, gingival bleeding, nose bleeding, or any other organ of the organ bleeding, there is also easy to different parts of infections caused by fever . Blood tests can check for the performance of whole blood cells to reduce or three cells, red blood cells, platelets and leukocytes at the same time different levels of decline or decrease. Bone marrow examination showed that hematopoietic cells dysplasia. Cause aplastic anemia due to a combination, a common drug and chemical items, ionizing radiation, infection and immune function, and other defects. Drug allergies and drug toxicity caused aplastic anemia is a common cause, particularly chloramphenicol, a drug adriamycin and cooling analgesia

The most common in recent years, chloramphenicol, have less of Adriamycin, but with antipyretic analgesic use of available flu after the capsule has caused a lot more impaired patients see, the other a sulfa medicines, anti-thyroid Drugs, anticancer drugs and other anti-epileptic drugs and dozens. Therefore, in peacetime must not own drug abuse, saying “the three-drug” that is the truth. Chemical benzene and its derivatives in the most important, gasoline, paints, adhesives in both contain benzene and its derivatives, long-term exposure, have caused adverse protective barrier to the possibility. All kinds of ionizing radiation such as X-ray, radioisotopes, a high dose or long-term low-dose exposure to a certain extent also can lead to bone marrow damage and trigger further impaired. Hepatitis virus infection caused mainly seen in the AA, also known as hepatitis after the barrier. AA under the clinical manifestations, with blood and bone marrow can check the diagnosis. Clinical usually divided into acute and chronic AA AA two types. AA onset of acute illness progress rapidly, often begin to hemorrhage fever and the infection mainly early

Anemia was not obvious, with the condition progress from a more severe anemia, a critical condition, the prognosis dangerous. AA onset of chronic and progress has been slow, often without the exact date of onset, mainly for anemia, bleeding not more serious, even if the infection is also lighter, but the condition often protracted Buyu, often need blood transfusion. The prevention of further impaired, we must first take care not to abuse drugs, especially for hematopoietic system damage drugs, medication should be strictly indication, the best under the guidance of physicians in the use of medication attention in the course of regular observation of changes in blood. To work in contact with the hematopoietic system of harmful chemicals, chemicals, pesticides or contact with radioactive material workers, the environment and production technology in the course of operations to pay particular attention to strengthening protective measures, regular medical exam. In recent years, with the scientific and technological progress and development of acute and chronic aplastic anemia and efficacy of the treatment technology has been made obvious progress and improving. Over the years the treatment of AA experience. We slow that is “timely diagnosis and timely treatment, adhere to treatment.” Timely diagnosis, treatment only direction after the diagnosis should adopt timely and effective treatment measures to fight for the destruction of red bone marrow disease early when less to restore bone marrow function as soon as possible; aplastic anemia due to chronic illness protracted, recovery slow, it should adhere to Treatment. Adhere to treatment is very important, must not feel impatient, rule or rule Tingting everywhere arbitrary treatment, arbitrary treatment, for this is very harmful, easy to delay treatment of illness and time, or even cause serious consequences. Chronic AA domestic use of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment. For acute aplastic anemia, the best treatment is bone marrow transplantation, but limited to the conditions and technology in the country’s acute aplastic anemia bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of the subject to certain restrictions. In recent years we have adopted immune regulator “anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)” or “anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG)” joint “Kang of the Dragon” and “the embryo of” the treatment of severe aplastic anemia 30 cases, the individual patient at the same time With application of recombinant human blood cell growth factor (GM-CSF, G-CSF, Epo) has achieved better results. For severe aplastic anemia can also use large doses “of gamma globulin,” “6 - methylprednisolone” and “cyclosporin A” drugs. Severe aplastic anemia swift, powerful, dangerous conditions, the introduction of effective treatment measures at the same time to give a positive and effective support and symptomatic treatment to reduce bleeding and risk of infection.

Combination therapy governance hemolytic anemia

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Refractory hemolytic anemia is a lower incidence of blood diseases, there are abnormalities in patients with antibodies, disruption of normal red blood cell function and trigger jaundice, anemia, kidney function and other symptoms of depression, severe cases can be life-threatening. Most of the past use of drug therapy, but the disease control is not satisfactory, drug side effects and greater. Southeast University, Zhongshan University Hospital subsidiary of blood cancer using the most advanced plasma exchange technology, patients with abnormal antibodies in the blood through the separation of blood cells isolated after the return to enter the body through several replacement, in patients with abnormal antibody Was successfully cleared.

At the same time the patient will be in place to provide for the destruction of red blood cells of the spleen removed. A 48-year-old patient has in Shanghai, Jiangsu and hospital treatment several times, but the improvement was not obvious anemia, to Zhongshan University hospital, the inspection found indirect bilirubin more than 10 times higher than normal, an integrated hospital experts A successful therapy for the treatment, confirmed by recent clinical observation, the patient is expected to be radical and resume a normal life.

How to combat chemotherapy-induced anemia

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Anti-cancer chemotherapy drugs cause bone marrow suppression of the extent of drug dose and bone marrow reserve capacity are closely related. A liver disease before treatment, spleen, hypersplenism, or the use of the radiotherapy or chemotherapy, in particular, there was a low platelet or WBC, easier to cause significant bone marrow suppression, for drug-induced bone marrow suppression and more than Serious, sustained a longer time. Reduce blood is a serious complication, less see, has been found in Central Asia Glass of urea after drugs or MMC.

Some patients simply relying on blood, hemoglobin is not increased, after the switch to Chinese medicine, to Jianpi Yiqi, nourishing mainly liver and kidney, not only restore appetite, the spirit of improvement, but also as the gradual restoration of blood. The general meeting of the two-way qi and blood, commonly used Chinese medicine astragalus, dangshen, ginseng, Chinese angelica, longan meat, the Health and Shude, jujube, Ejiao, plastic turtle shell, Lu Jiaojiao, Chinese wolfberry son, Ligustrum lucidum, Zi Heche, Effective. In the reconstruction of bone marrow function, should play an active role in Chinese medicine Fuzheng. Drop of blood can also be applied as acupuncture or electro-acupuncture treatment, the main point optional Zusanli, Sanyinjiao, Xuehai, Qu and other pool.

As soon as possible prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia

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Sickle cell disease, also known as sickle-shaped red blood cell anemia, a genetic disease, which led to the patient’s red blood cells flattened or distorted, so that the shape of red blood cells to change into sickle-like. This will be the destruction of red blood cells, can not carry oxygen to all parts of the body. In addition, the red blood cell adhesion together and easy to block formation of clotting, causing heart attack or stroke. Hypoxia and clotting may also block the formation of a leg, arm, chest, back, etc. of pain.

March 17, in Los Angeles at the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and the annual meeting, from the University of Southern California hospital Cage Professor Johnson, who reports, a manufacturer of artificial sweeteners, Effects of winter days Phenylalanine methyl ester, may be blocked sickle cell anemia in the pathogenesis. Effects of winter days phenylalanine methyl principle of the role of maintaining stability is to make red blood cells, thus preventing the formation of sickle-like.

The researchers believe that treatment may be due to the mechanism of red blood cells only intake of sugar, and red blood cells may also like the taste, Bunengqubie days in winter Effects of phenylalanine methyl ester and Sugar distinction. Effects of days this winter phenylalanine methyl ester into between hemoglobin, thus preventing them together.

The researchers found that treatment involving the use of large doses of days in winter Effects of phenylalanine methyl ester, a more satisfactory results. Roughly the equivalent weight of 100 pounds of patients with a quarter cup of water Fuxia 13 tablets.

However, the researchers said, sickle-like formation of red blood cells only sickle-shaped red blood cell anemia is a factor to prevent the disease process and can not solve all the problems. Effects of the present-day winter phenylalanine methyl ester also can not be used for sickle-shaped red blood cell anemia in clinical treatment, did not carry out large-scale study of patients. The researchers said they would further carry out the experiment and observation effect.

Iron deficiency anemia in children for the prevention and treatment

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Anemia in children in particular, the prevention of iron deficiency anemia is the key to diet. We know that the period of fetal nutrition entirely from the mother, especially in the medium term the last few weeks, with the fetus enhance the activities of their own blood, and the need to save enough iron for use after birth blood and needed by the body more supply of iron . Therefore, pregnant mother ensure there is sufficient intake of iron, iron and more attention to selection of food is the prevention of anemia in children one of the important factors.

After the baby was born, iron added to the ordinary people rely on food. In order to prevent iron deficiency anemia surname, for infants under one year old, playing a strong proponent of breastfeeding. Babies were born after the milk should be opened as soon as possible. If breast-sufficient, in less than four months as far as possible not to add milk or other Dai Rupin, other foods to reduce the absorption of iron in breast-interference. Maintenance of breast-feeding at least four months, preferably six to nine months. Since the first two months, may increase breast-feeding after the feeding of fresh or live cable Jiezhi C50 a 100 mg. For full-term baby should be no later than four months after the beginning per kg 1 mg of iron per day. The best use of iron and living with a cable C nutrition Yeji.

By adding iron to use artificial feeding of milk. Five to six months after the addition of solid food. 6 to 7 months of joining the amount of iron include meat gruel, fish at the end of Ganni, and so on. To maintain the best iron supplement l ~ 2-year-old. However, taking iron fortified foods to prevent deterioration and accidental poisoning.

For 2 to 3-year-old child, every day to ensure that the animals have enough food and beans. Such as chicken, duck, pig blood, Shepherd’s Purse, seaweed, kelp, and so on. Fresh and more fresh fruit to help absorb iron.

The treatment of anemia

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Since anemia is not a disease but rather the common symptoms of certain diseases, treatment is the first principle of removing causes. If more severe anemia, to be used directly to correct anemia and other blood transfusion or temporary measures to alleviate anemia. But in a clear diagnosis, avoid chaos for drugs, such as vitamin B12, folic acid, liver injection, iron or other so-called “blood medicine.” This treatment will not bear fruit, but due to relax or abandon the cause of the find, the delay condition, this will be harmful to the patient, or even cause serious consequences.

Removal of causes, not only to cure anemia, is more important to the overall health of patients. Because sometimes the basic cause anemia disease far exceeds the seriousness of anemia itself, such as gastric cancer or colon hemorrhage caused by chronic anemia, to identify the causes and treatment of anemia is not only to correct anemia, is more important to the eradication of gastric cancer or colon cancer. Therefore, the only treatment of anemia and blindly ignore the basic treatment of anemia caused disease, it is Shebenzhumo.

The effect of anemia treatment, the majority decision on the nature and cause of the possibility of eradication. If the cause is the complete elimination or correcting the anemia also can be cured. If anemia, though the reasons for the identification, but the basic treatment of the disease to be ineffective, anemia difficult to eradicate, can only take symptomatic treatment.

Bleeding is one of the common causes of anemia may be caused by different reasons, to take appropriate measures to stop bleeding treatment is very important. Or excessive menstrual bleeding with hormones or surgical treatment, generally stop the bleeding and anemia will be cured.

The lack of nutrition caused by lack of raw materials and certain blood of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency caused by giant David cell anemia, respectively, with iron, folic acid or vitamin B12 treatment, good effect, generally . However, attention should be paid to rectify the lack of reasons for these substances. In addition to the reasons for the lack of poor quality food, there may be other factors, such as multiple pregnancy, breast-feeding, the partial eclipse, the long-term loss of appetite, chronic diarrhea, etc.. Arising from lack of nutrition if not remove the causes, effects are often less than ideal, even if temporary effect, the future might relapse.

If inflammation or infection can be controlled, can also reduce anemia. Endocrine disease, as replacement therapy, anemia can also reduce or be corrected, but as chronic renal failure, liver disease, advanced cancer or metastatic carcinoma of the broad, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other advanced secondary anemia, as the basic disease The effect of the poor, in addition to blood transfusion, it is very difficult to reduce anaemia in general.

Drug-induced hemolytic anemia and iron tablets of David cell anemia, patients stop in contact with the drug, most of anemia can be fast or gradually reduce and even disappear. However, certain drugs or poison caused by aplastic anemia, even if the cause of clear, with no access to, but because of the bone marrow hematopoietic tissue has been serious damage, it is very difficult to restore or cure the patient. Then, if adopted and the success of bone marrow transplantation, curable.

The main method of treatment of anemia drug treatment, blood transfusion, splenectomy and bone marrow transplantation. Clinically, according to different causes of different types of anemia, may be one or more of the therapy treatment.

The nursing infant anemia

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1. Anemia in infants and young children should arrange for a quiet environment, fresh air circulation, sunny place of residence, and ensure adequate sleep and rest.

2. Child under the age characteristics and the ability to digest and reasonable to add food supplement, such as egg yolks, meat, liver, kidney, beans, green leafy vegetables and fruits. At the same time to pay attention to the color of food flavor, to promote the child’s appetite. Feeding a patient.

3. To prevent infection of other diseases, such as not suffering from infectious diseases and fever or contacts of patients.

4. Tremor of a sick child, to prevent Yaopo lips and tongue, from top to bottom incisors can be wrapped in gauze pad between Yashe Ban.

5. Medication, attention should be paid to whether drug reactions, such as the exchange agent in between meals should be fed well, such is conducive to the absorption of iron.

What is thalassemia What are the clinical manifestations

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Thalassemia is hemolytic anemia in a large type. As the first in Italy, Greece and other Mediterranean region and the nation as descendants of immigrants found in the disease, then called “Mediterranean anemia.” In addition to the Mediterranean region later found, other clinical areas to the sea is also a high incidence area of the disease, known as “thalassemia.”

Thalassemia is due to autosomal genetic defects, the cause-linked protein peptide synthesis obstacles, so that one or more of the protein peptide-linked inadequate or complete lack of volume, resulting in such-linked protein involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin reduction. - Protein linked to the amino acid sequence does not in itself unusual. Where α-linked protein synthesis inhibition, called the “α thalassemia”; β-linked protein synthesis inhibition, called “β thalassemia.” Mediterranean, the Middle East, Arab, India, Southeast Asia β thalassemia incidence of the highest in Southeast Asia, including South China α thalassemia is the high incidence area. China’s Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Taiwan provinces α β thalassemia are more common, south of the Yangtze River provinces such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hubei, and so have reported sporadic cases. Because of different genetic defects, the performance of the severity of the disease is very different, in fetal and infant and child that is due to the heavy death of hemolytic anemia, abnormal hemoglobin Although there are no life and clinical symptoms.

Thalassemia genotype and phenotype are diversified, very different. Often based on clinical signs and symptoms of the severity of light into the middle-and heavy-duty, and genotypes can be divided into heterozygous and homozygous type. General heavy homozygous for sure, for sure light heterozygous, and the intermediate type includes many different genetic basis of diseases, including lighter and heavier homozygous heterozygotes β thalassemia and hemoglobin H disease and α and β Thalassemia heterozygous, and so on.

1. Homozygotes thalassemia

Infancy (Health after 6 to September) incidence, anemia, looking pale, jaundice, weight loss, abdominal gradual uplift, sexual enlarged liver and spleen. Because of growth retardation can form a special appearance: first, for the top, occipital uplift, prominent cheeks, nose Diping, two distance widened. Systemic change throughout the skeleton, mainly due to significant long-term bone marrow hyperplasia, the bone marrow cavity wider, bone thinning. Most patients died at an early age that is, the cause of death for many infections, advanced blood disease caused by organ damage. If survival in sexual development period, often because of obstacles without the Second Sex levy, other than common endocrine dysfunction. Patients often splenomegaly, Hypersplenism while WBC, thrombocytopenia, a variety of infections and bleeding.

2. Heterozygous thalassemia

Most patients with asymptomatic, a small number of patients with regular flu fatigue, may have mild anemia, splenomegaly. Normal growth and development, no bones change, the general census in the family or when the investigation found. Low pigment anemia. Tablets can see the target blood cells, red blood cells to reduce infiltration brittle, basophils, Choi cells increased, HbA2 slightly higher. Hyperplasia of red bone marrow cells increased slightly, iron staining iron tablets David cells increased.

3. Intermediate thalassemia

Middle-thalassemia contain the genetic basis of many different kinds of patients. Varying degrees of anemia, spleen mild to moderate swelling, bone marrow can have mild to change. Such patients often need long-term blood transfusion to maintain life. But still the later development of mature, the majority of patients can survive to adulthood.

4. Hemoglobin H disease (α + thalassemia)

Most patients in the 1-year-old symptoms began to appear, mainly for the performance of H gradually increased hemoglobin, mild to moderate chronic anemia, intermittent mild attack of jaundice, about 2 / 3 patients hepatosplenomegaly. Due to infection or other reasons may increase anemia, generally without stunting, bone changes very light. Common with cholelithiasis.

5. Bart’’s fetal hemoglobin edema syndrome (α thalassemia)

30 to 40 weeks of pregnancy, abortion fetal death or premature death. Fetal body edema, pale, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, chest and also often pericardial effusion, heart expand, mild jaundice. Placenta large and fragile. Tablets RBC low blood pigment, irregular size, contour, and other significant changes, the target cell and a lot of cells. Reticulocyte significantly increased. Hyperplasia of red bone marrow cells significantly increased, hemosiderosis Obviously, extramedullary hematopoiesis significant.

6. Geostationary α-thalassemia and standards α-thalassemia

Static α thalassemia is α + α with the normal gene heterozygous, with no clinical symptoms. Standard α thalassemia is α. Α gene with the normal gene homozygous, there is no clinical symptoms of patients. However, a slight blood cells to change shape, and so on.

Anemia during pregnancy

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Some women in the history of anemia before the pregnancy, pregnancy after anemia phenomenon, known as anemia during pregnancy.

If pregnancy hemoglobin less than 10 g / 100 ml, red blood cell count less than 3.5 million / mm3, can be clinically diagnosed as anemia.

Anemia is common in iron-deficiency anemia.

When anaemia among pregnant women, because of red blood cells, the reduction of hemoglobin, the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity weakened, parent organization of hypoxia. Pregnant women will appear dizziness, tinnitus, limb weakness, short breath after the event, flustered, heart throb enhance the symptoms. Anemia during pregnancy, the body resistance decline, high incidence of infection. Serious will happen myocardial damage and even heart disease anemia. Intrauterine fetal also due to the lack of oxygen, leading to the stillbirth, premature birth, low birth weight newborns, and other adverse consequences.

In order to prevent the occurrence of anemia during pregnancy, pregnant women should be more than usually fresh foods rich in iron, guarantee vitamin B12, folic acid intake. More food animal liver, lean meat and eggs, beans and soybean products, milk, green leafy vegetables, fruits and red dates, peanuts, and so on.

During pregnancy should be regularly checked hemoglobin and red blood cell count, early detection and treatment of anemia, when added to iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, and so on. In addition should also be timely inspection, and found that the treatment can cause anemia in various diseases, or even termination of pregnancy, disease to be cured after pregnancy.