With nemesis leukemia cells

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British scientists have discovered the gene leading to leukemia and produce immune cells

Imperial College London and Lundunhamo Smith Hospital researchers After six years of scientific research and experiments, succeeded in cultivating a to be able to search and destroy leukemia cells of the immune cells, known as T, and on animal and human blood test Achieved encouraging results. Scientists in the research process in the first trial found a gene called WT1, this gene is too active in the cell can lead to leukemia. Scientific and technological personnel of the immune cells which produce T, T immune cells able to find WT1 gene over-active cells, and have them killed. In the experiment, the researchers also found that immune cells specialized to find T leukemia cells, healthy cells Haofawushang, I can cure leukemia and the leukemia and other cancers. Participated in the study of Dr. Tao Si Shi said that this principle can be applied to the study almost all forms of leukemia, indicates that the medical profession in the treatment of the disease a big step forward. He said that even more exciting is that research results can also applied to breast cancer, lung cancer and other cancer treatments, such as cancer are also because of WT1 gene is too active for this. Hospital Lundunhamo Smith, director of research and development Winston professor believes that this research results is the first recognition of human leukemia causes, and produce immune cells selectively destroy the leukemia cells.

Housing renovation could trigger leukemia

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Xue Yeke the Beijing Children’s Hospital doctors were more than a year to the preliminary statistics shocked: Because the hospital to see leukemia among children, nine-tenths in the home of within six months had been a decoration.

The doctor said that although they only have a simple epidemiological findings, but the paint contains benzene in the marble stone of the radioactive material may have, indeed, cause leukemia and aplastic anemia conclusive reasons.

The first sign that this is the Children’s Hospital of Zangyan Professor Xue Yeke. She told reporters that the past year, to a doctor’s children have shown a common feature of most of them in the first half of the incidence, the home of a luxury housing renovation, including landscaping materials used in the paint the walls and laying out the ground with the marble , And other luxury building materials, such children with leukemia accounts for up to nine-tenths of the total number of children with leukemia.

Leukemia in the early signals

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Leukemia - also known as leukemia is a cancer of the circulatory system. Suffering from the disease in the early phenomenon generally have the following points;

(1) early unexplained fever, tiredness, Qingshou, hyperhidrosis, and anemia, with liver, spleen, lymph nodes. Muscle, joint pain or sternum, tibia tenderness. The skin, limbs and body appear Purpura, Yuban, epistaxis and bleeding tendencies. There are bleeding gums and erosion features.

(2) are weight loss, spleen and rapidly increasing pain, or hemolytic anemia, secondary skin infection or complications such as infiltration.

(3) with a headache, coma, insomnia, irritability, depression and other symptoms of nervous system accordingly.

(4) of unknown causes of the increase in the total number of leukocytes, as a bone marrow dysplasia, the original cells and white blood cells David vertebral exceeding the normal ratio, and a shape and qualitative change, increasing proportion of red tablets. System and giant Erythrocyte nuclear cell systems are inhibited.

(5) myelodysplastic extremely active, with a vision of nuclear> 300; Red nuclear ratio of 3:1, Jiuzhi invalid; steroid use, such as prednisone treatment particularly significant, especially children AA anemia most obvious.

(6) general treatment does not work, had served chloramphenicol caused anemia, red blood cells or blood cells decreased to, the clotting time extension; associated with bleeding, bacterial or fungal infection, and so on.

There is one of the above, should be considered a leukemia in the early signal, it should be as early as possible for medical treatment, to go to the hospital or Xue Yeke to do a comprehensive inspection, must not insensitive, the delay condition.

Children with acute leukemia

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Overview

Leukemia is due to the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells caused by the abnormal proliferation of malignant disease, which affects not only the entire blood system and bone marrow, and other invasive body organs, mainly for anaemia, skin, gums, nasal bleeding or blood in the stool, and so on, Niaoxue, repeated infection And leukemia cells infiltrated the tissues and organs from the corresponding symptoms, such as infiltration can cause skin nodules, mass violations of the central nervous system headache, vomiting, blurred vision, the invasion was to testicular testicular swelling. Leukemia in children for common cancer (first), divided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (acute leaching) and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (acute Fei Lin), in children with acute leaching. Acute lymphocytic leukemia treatment more acute non-lymphocytic leukemia as well, the natural course of acute leukemia shorter, but the positive rules of treatment, the survival period can be significantly extended, and foreign radical leaching five-year survival rate of more than 65 ￣ 70% , The domestic rules of treatment, long-term disease-free survival rate has reached 60 ￣ 70 percent, up to international standards

[Symptoms of disease]

1. Irregular fever, sexual pale and weak, bleeding to the skin, bleeding gums, epistaxis common. 2. Invasion Performance: liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone joints, skin, parotid gland, lymph node, the nervous system, testes and other organs infiltration and a corresponding symptoms.

[Diagnosis]

1. Fever, anemia, bleeding, debilitating. 2. Invasion Performance: liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone joints, skin, parotid gland, lymph node, the nervous system, testes and other organs infiltration and a corresponding symptoms. 3. Blood like: interleukin be increased, decreased or normal hemoglobin or platelet decline, visible or not the original and naive cells. 4. Marrow as: + as early as the original bone marrow cells of the WBC David of more than 30 percent. Can be divided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (divided into L1, L2, L3 a total of 3) and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (divided into 7).

[Treatment of]

1. General treatment: rest, support therapy, isolation. 2. Infection control. 3. Transfusion or blood transfusion component. 4. Chemotherapy. 5. Immunotherapy. 6. Interleukin chemotherapy should be a high alkaline urine, to prevent hyperuricemia.

[Evaluation]

1. CR: (1) clinical symptoms disappeared without anemia, bleeding, infection and leukemia cell infiltration performance. (2) blood like: hemoglobin higher than 100 g / L (10g/dk), WBC normal or slightly lower, classification no immature cells, platelets more than 100 × 10 9 power / L (10万/ mm ^ 3) . (3) bone marrow as normal, no leukemia cells. 2. Partial remission: Clinical like blood and bone marrow did not achieve complete remission, as standard, but some progress than before treatment.

[Expert Tips

Acute leukemia for the blood system cancer, is one of the common malignancy in children. The disease causes not known, but should try to avoid exposure to benzene, nitrosamines type substances, radiation and other harmful substances, anti-chlorine-and-Taisong and other drugs. If there looking pale, skin, gums, nose bleeding, fever and bone, joint pain and other symptoms, should be treated promptly to the hospital for an examination, the doctor advised to obey the bone marrow examination, the diagnosis should be conducted after the regular chemotherapy, attention to nutrition during chemotherapy, to strengthen support for therapy , The prevention of infection, chemotherapy interim period regularly to the hospital referral. Reports of poor treatment of patients with heavy autologous bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation can condition continued complete remission, the survival period is extended.

Leukemia patients have new drugs

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Gleevec is the use of molecular biology developed one of the few successful drugs.

A confrontation of the new leukemia drug has been available, leukemia patients no longer need to rely on chemotherapy or radiotherapy for cancer treatment.

By the Novartis pharmaceutical company that invented the new anti-cancer drug called Gleevec, or STI-571, is to use molecular biology developed one of the few successful drugs.

Traditional chemotherapy or radiotherapy for cancer treatment in the removal of cancer cells at the same time, will cause harm to normal cells, prone to side effects or cause resistance to reduce vulnerability to infection. Directly attack cancer cells in the abnormal protein molecular biological drugs would be no such problems.

Gleevec is the main effect of confrontation with chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic myeloid leukemia).

Can not automatically send messages of cancer death

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a bone marrow hematopoietic tissue caused by too many white blood cell count each of 4,500 Americans were diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia. Gleevec is through attacking chronic myeloid leukemia cancer cells, known as BCR-ABL abnormal protein, such treatment of cancer.

Cell protein plays for the “communication”. Gleevec was originally goal is to stop the abnormal protein, leading to cancer cells can not convey the “cancer tumor growth,” the message. However, the researchers surprise that, owing to excessive dependence on these messages cancer cells, cancer cells can not convey the message was automatically die.

A short period of time allowed to review drug

The study also showed that 54 chemotherapy invalid chronic myeloid leukemia patients, 53 taking Gleevec, the number of white blood cell count in the blood return to normal.

Significant effect, the federal Food and Drug Administration last month on the 10th an unprecedented rapid approval of this as a miracle drug. General fastest in the six-month drug can be approved, Gleevec, in a short span of two and a half months was approved.

Help to relieve patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Gleevec was approved a few days later, the researchers also revealed that drug use in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour) has also been a significant effect. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is a very serious cancer, patients often died within a year. Each of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor of Americans about 10,000 people.

83 taking Gleevec of gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients, 51 were in condition to reduce the phenomenon, even for such chemotherapy and radiation are generally ineffective for cancer, is a big achievement.

The researchers now are exploring whether to Gleevec and other drugs combined, used to treat other types of cancer.

One of every five patients have side effects

However, Gleevec also has potentially serious side effects, every five patients, there is a hemorrhage in such serious side effects, they have to change the weight or suspend drug use, has not yet been killed because of side effects.

Since the drug is new, some cancer experts also questioned its long-term effectiveness. Gleevec is really whether the treatment of cancer, or merely to delay worsening condition only » Gleevec cancer cells can control how long » Why some patients will be invalid after taking » These issues are yet to be researchers found that on January 1.

Gleevec may cheaper prices, the monthly amount needed 2,000 to 2,400 U.S. dollars. In order to help the poor patients, Gleevec invention of the pharmaceutical company Novartis plans for those who are less than the annual salary of 43,000 yuan to provide free drug patients, those annual salary of less than 200,000 yuan or no medical insurance patients can also get allowances.

Although Gleevec for the treatment of many types of cancer do not have help, but the invention of drug research in molecular biology research staff, is a strong-arm. As long as one day, mankind can find various types of cancer cells in the abnormal protein, and confrontation of these protein drugs, have become all the cancer can be treated.

Shigellosis can cause leukemoid reaction

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Where typical bacillary dysentery in patients with clinical symptoms and signs of the disease in the peripheral blood WBC more than 50,000, or accompanied by more than 2 percent naive IL; blood to change the course of bacillary dysentery and restoration of natural recovery; neutrophil significantly change the poisoning, If there Naojiang of toxic particles, such as degeneration; bone marrow puncture an inspection as to stimulate the infection can be diagnosed with bacillary dysentery caused by type of leukemia-like response.

The response in bacillary dysentery in a rare complication, but foreign reported in children under the age of 10 in the incidence rate of 3.8 percent of a 9.0% to 0.1% of the domestic reporting a 0.42 percent, the incidence of adult can. Consider the differences in incidence rates at home and abroad with host object, different areas of the pandemic strain. According to experience speculated that the occurrence of complications in patients with the most trade with Chi’s I-type infections related to the biological role, Fu’s and Song’s in the incidence ratio of less. Another primary or secondary immune dysfunction or failure in patients with bacillary dysentery is in the struggle with the disease one of the reasons. Patients attending the evening, re-admission conditions, the general situation worse, strains resistant to multiple antibiotics, and a toxic nerve cells and intestinal toxins and other toxic properties, and with R plasmids are complicated by the relevant factors of this disease. As a response to the type of leukemia in patients with bacillary dysentery, especially the infant mortality rate is very high, reaching five percent of a 21% and the longer course, sigmoid obvious lesions, sometimes become chronic and bacillary dysentery, intestinal disorders. Therefore, bacillary dysentery response to a type of leukemia in clinical treatment should be toxic bacillary dysentery.

Children drink mother’s milk to reduce the risk of suffering from leukemia

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The latest research shows that the United States, breast-feeding babies a month, would enable the infant children suffering from leukemia to reduce the risk of 20 percent, while breast-feeding for six months, babies suffering from leukemia risk reduced by 30%.

It is well known that breast-feeding can enhance children’s immunity. University of Minnesota researchers survey found that breast cancer is also available to help children resist invasion role. Researchers on the 2200 data do breast-feeding children, found that breast-feeding of children suffering from leukemia risk than non-breastfeeding children of low 21 percent.

Scientists believe that even though the baby milk powder, now add a lot of nutrients, but its structure and nutrition formula and breast milk is still very far compared. Therefore, the unique advantages of breastfeeding is the preparation of any artificial milk can not substitute. Medical experts recommend that every newborn should be at least in the first six months of receiving breast-feeding.

Leukemia infection

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Many medical experts believe that the unknown virus infection of children suffering from leukemia is one of the important reasons. British scientists recently published a report into another example of this theory. Reported that researchers in Scotland living in the north-east of the Shetland Islands residents leukemia survey found that local children born during World War II, suffering from leukemia much higher than the proportion of the average level in Scotland. Experts believe that this may be because during World War II stationed in the Shetland Islands, the British soldiers carrying the unknown virus transmission to children caused by.

Experts said: “Our research shows that the population mix, the proportion of floating population in the community than the average level, the possibility of children suffering from leukemia will be high. Regardless of the child’s parents moved to a new local population or, if the child was born in the population mixed The high rate, the risk of illness on a high. ”
Support of this theory, the experts agreed that to conduct further investigation and analysis, find out more evidence to support their views, while efforts to find the mysterious source of infection. Once identified source of infection, will be able to produce vaccines for leukemia and transmission of the effective prevention.

Understanding of lymphoma and leukemia

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What types of lymphoma
Lymphoma can basically be divided into two types, one for Hodgkin’s disease, one for all other types of lymphoma collectively referred to as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease symptoms first appear, are usually swollen lymph nodes and other characteristics, such as the destructive forces of growth location, cell types, the response to various therapies, various types of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma not the same.

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cancer cell growth by way divided into two categories: diffuse and nodules in nature. Diffuse or invasive of lymphoma last long recognized the deadly incurable disease, since 1970, the joint use of anti-cancer drugs to enhance chemical

The effectiveness of therapy, the treatment of cancer have great progress. Using high-dose anti-cancer drugs, did cause side effects, but 60 percent to 80 percent of the patients can rely on this to completely relieve symptoms, and most of them believe has been cured.

On the other hand, the majority of nodular lymphoma slow growth, is “painless”, an easy-invasive treatment of lymphoma. Even if patients do not receive treatment or only limited treatment, often can survive for many years. Once the necessary treatment, commonly used chemotherapy or radiotherapy. After receiving treatment, most patients with symptoms have been alleviated. Unfortunately, these lymphoma and can not be completely cured, often relapse.

It is said that certain types of lymphoma are caused by viruses, this is true? »

No one know the exact causes of lymphoma, said the virus and two of the rare lymphoma, is one of the Boji Te-lymphoma. This is a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, in patients with more malaria-endemic areas in Africa for the children. Scientists believe that this disease with a herpes virus similar to the Egyptian - Pakistan’s two-related, perhaps Egypt - Pakistan’s second virus and malaria have a role in the incidence.

In addition, scientists believe the human T-cell lymphoma leukemia virus and a human T-cell cancer, T cells are produced by the thymus of a special cell. AIDS caused the human immunodeficiency virus associated with the virus. Immunity

The suppression of the system often suffer from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, such as organ transplant recipients who may be in this disease.

What is Hodgkin’s disease »this disease can be cured?»

Because in recent years chemotherapy and radiation therapy improved the treatment of Hodgkin’s disease, in particular, cases of early treatment, the success rate is very high. In some treatment centres, the cure rate of early cases, almost 90 percent. Hodgkin’s disease patients for more than 20 to 40-year-old young man, the cure rate is encouraging.

Hodgkin’s disease is lymphatic granuloma, which is a kind of lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. Is the human lymphatic system and other organisms to resist the invasion of foreign substances in the main defense system. Like blood vessels transport, lymphatic body will be transported lymph, lymph is a clear liquid containing the white blood cell count. Strings of a broad bean size of the lymphatic glands along the distribution, known as the lymph nodes, many of the functions of lymph nodes, is one of the lymph flow filter to remove foreign bodies.

Hodgkin’s disease and most other types of lymphoma in the lymph nodes are starting. For some reason not yet known, the lymph nodes in a certain type of cell division and reproductive abnormalities, and from one another lymph node spread to the lymph nodes and then throughout the body. If allowed to spread no treatment, lung, spleen, liver, bone marrow and other organs are likely to be hit. What are the symptoms of Hodgkin’s disease »how the disease is diagnosed and treatment»

This disease is usually the first signs of the neck, armpits and groin in the swollen lymph nodes. Other possible symptoms are fever continued or repeated fever, night sweats at night, unexplained fatigue, skin extremely itchy. Swollen lymph nodes are not necessarily suffering from Hodgkin’s disease, can also be caused by a variety of other diseases, such as sore throats and other minor infections, other types of cancer, AIDS, and so on. Some people no apparent reason, micro-swollen lymph nodes will usually do not have to worry about that. However, if not always gland swelling or continue to swell, both Hodgkin’s disease or other symptoms, do not delay, should immediately see a doctor.

All done under the lymph node tissue microscopy, Hodgkin’s disease can only confirm the diagnosis. If the biopsy test proved to be Hodgkin’s disease, but also for other tests to determine which stage of illness, these tests include bone marrow biopsy, X-ray computer tomography, lymphatic system performed (to the lymphatic system to do after the injection of reagent X-ray check the lymphatic system). If the cancer confined to the 12 lymph nodes, radiation therapy alone. Advanced Hodgkin’s disease is usually treated with chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy and chemotherapy combined.

Leukemia is the only one? «There are different types?»

There are different types of leukemia, severe varying degrees, are a kind of white blood cell within bone marrow bone marrow cells than normal due to faster growth and development. Most are white blood cell count in the production of the bone marrow. Once the white blood cell cancer, cancer cells will be quickly filled with bone marrow, then enter the blood flow, systemic circulation. Because cancer cells squeeze out the anti-infection, oxygen and prevent excessive bleeding in healthy cells, infection and bleeding can be a fatal problem.

Leukemia can be divided into two major categories of acute and chronic. Usually a sudden onset of acute leukemia, the rapid deterioration of symptoms including gingival bleeding, broke easily, fever, frequent infections, fatigue. Chronic leukemia onset slow, gradual deterioration, often after a very long time before an alert, even if symptoms appear, usually elusive: weakness, fatigue, feel unwell.

The incidence of leukemia can also be classified by type of white blood cell count. For example, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, involving lymphocytes, which is in the body’s immune system plays an important role in a white blood cell count. The use of offensive chemical treatment of this leukemia, the cure rate was very high, more than 95 percent of patients can enter remission (prevalence of the complete disappearance of that period), more than half of the patients can be said to be governance More. Acute myelogenous leukemia, also known as acute myeloid leukemia cells, attack on the tablets of cells, the bacteria that is swallowed up by a white blood cell count, mainly for adults. This type of acute leukemia more difficult lymphocytic leukemia treatment, Fortunately, the new anti-cancer drugs, more sophisticated technology of bone marrow transplantation and immune therapy, had increased the ease acute myelogenous leukemia symptoms may be. In fact, most of the patients receiving chemotherapy eased into the final period, but can not eliminate all leukemia cells, resulting in regular recurrence.

Chronic leukemia main invasion middle-aged and the elderly. Early chronic lymphocytic leukemia usually without treatment as the condition deteriorated, they used steroids or anti-cancer drug treatment. With the number of anti-cancer drug control white blood cell count, chronic myeloid leukemia patients can survive for many years; However, the disease will eventually deteriorate to the Healing Stone of Hope without the serious stage.

Leukemia will be transmitted? «Whether patients should be isolated»

No, not borne leukemia. Although some rare leukemia seems to be caused by a virus, but the virus does not spread by contact with the general.

Some doctors advocated in isolation, is not afraid of the dissemination of leukemia patients, but taking into account the patient’s own security. Leukemia and its treatment have led to ward off infection in the normal decrease in the number of white blood cell count, even as low as the level of risk, the patient is very vulnerable to infection, and may have died because of infections, the most simple and effective methods of prevention is each and wash hands thoroughly after contact. In fact some hospitals will be vulnerable to isolate infected patients, 12 more hospitals not allowed to visit children under the age of a very low white blood cell count in patients with leukemia, because young children tend to carry certain bacteria, the germs of people without health Harm, but the lack of sufficient immunity against leukemia patients.

Bone marrow transplantation can be used to cure leukemia? »

In some cases the terms can be. Bone marrow transplant is very complicated technology, is still in its experimental stage, and not all leukemia patients are suitable for such treatment. Bone marrow transplantation was used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia, such therapy is usually applied to the age of 50 years of age, using chemical therapy invalid or recurrence of leukemia patients, to be used by the bone marrow By the genetic match of the people to donate.

Implanted in the bone marrow, must first use radiation or toxic drugs to patients with cancer of the bone marrow itself contains destroyed. Then, from a genetic match with patients who take the donor bone marrow, injected into patients with blood; donors are usually younger sister of the brothers, is the best twin compatriots. Donors of bone marrow cells into patients with bone, to form a new bone marrow. As patients with their own bone marrow destroyed, before the formation of the new bone marrow, with the total for a period of time vulnerable to serious infections, easy bleeding and may even have a bone marrow disease in the new role before the death. Unless the donor is the twin of our compatriots, otherwise, the new bone marrow may have been excluded, even worse is the new bone marrow may be excluded in the organization. Graft and transplant rejection between the role can be fatal.

Another way is to take a transplant patient’s own bone marrow, then remove all the cancer cells after injection to the patient. The technology is still in the initial pilot phase, is not always successful. Since the elimination of all cancer cell technology is not perfect, cancer will relapse. The ideal approach is in the initial period of remission from bone marrow cells taken from patients with proper storage, for the use of leukemia recurrence. While bone marrow transplant is the last resort for the treatment of leukemia, but now accept such treatment of many patients; due to continuous technical progress, increasing the security operation.

Common causes of anaemia in children

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Anemia is common in children iron deficiency anemia. This is because:

(l) children with birth certificates less than iron. The normal full-term newborn from the mother of iron sufficient access to their health after three to four months of blood needs. However, premature birth, twins, fetal and maternal blood loss with iron deficiency anemia, may make children less than iron certificates.

(2) insufficient iron intake. Newborn human diet mainly milk or milk, and milk and milk were both lower in the iron content, rather than simply using dairy feeding iron to add more timely food supplement, prone to anemia.

(3) Growth and Development summary. Period of rapid growth and development of infants. 3 to 5 months for the birth weight of 2 times, 1-year-old at birth weight three times, if premature infants gain weight faster then. As weight increases blood volume also increased rapidly, then prone to iron deficiency, anemia caused.

(4) the loss of too much iron. Normal daily excretion milling babies than adults, loss of skin from the iron is relatively more, if the protein allergens in the case of intestinal bleeding, then lost more iron. In addition, some chronic diseases such as diarrhoea, of intussusception, intestine, polyps and so increase the consumption of iron caused by anemia.