Iron deficiency anemia - the health of the stealth killer

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According to recent WHO report, the whole world about 10 percent to 30 percent of the population have different levels of iron deficiency, especially in third world countries, half of women because of malnutrition and anemia, the incidence than men 10 times.
Main reason: the irrational structure of meals

Many developing countries lack a reasonable structure of food, which lead to iron deficiency anemia is one of the main reasons. Iron in the absorption rate and type of food varies, research confirmed that the animal food iron absorption rate can be as high as 20% -25%, while the majority of plant food absorption rate of below five percent, such as rice only one percent . Survey shows that: to plant food-oriented country, iron deficiency anemia far higher than the incidence of animal food mainly to the country.

Ulcer, bleeding hemorrhoids, and other long-term also can cause loss of iron. Various chronic diseases can also be a result of gastrointestinal iron absorption, transport, storage and use of obstacles caused by iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.

Treatment: Oral iron is the first choice

The symptoms of iron deficiency anemia general performance: dizziness, weakness, palpitations, look Canbai, etc., individual patients have different food addiction, such as Tunchizaotai soil, the Health metres. If long-term treatment of heart disease can cause anemia. Professor Zhang repeatedly emphasized that the treatment of iron deficiency anemia to accurately pinpoint causes. Most of iron deficiency anemia can be found to cause a small number of cases of the disease relatively hidden, should be continued observation. Of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia treatment, only a clear cause, cure the disease completely, while the consumption of iron rich, high-protein, high vitamin C foods with iron treatment, can achieve a satisfactory effect. The current treatment of iron deficiency anemia, oral iron is still the preferred method, if the clothes iron can not be to reduce the anemia, may need to consider the following: ① patients were not directed medication, ② diagnosis is wrong, is not suffering from anaemia by iron deficiency anemia , ③ amount of bleeding has not yet been corrected, the amount of bleeding over a new blood, ④ also associated with infection, inflammation, cancer, anal or kidney disease, such as the impact of the bone marrow hematopoietic function, ⑤ diarrhea, rapid process of peristalsis, or stomach Anatomy of abnormal gut site, affected the absorption of iron, ⑥ dose used by the iron in the gastrointestinal tract can not be dissolved, the impact of absorption.

Prevention: more iron-rich food fresh

While iron deficiency anemia in a high incidence rate, but as long as the people’s attention, prevention first, and iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia the situation can be greatly improved. Iron deficiency anemia simple and effective preventive measures, the most important is to increase the iron rich food intake, and ensure the adequate supply of the human body. He pointed out that, in particular, should strengthen maternal and child health, the prevention of premature and do a good job feeding guidance, the infant should be timely to add iron and iron absorption of the high rate of non-staple food. The older children should be corrected partial eclipse, control bleeding nose. Menstrual period for women to actively control excessive menstrual bleeding, birth control ring home to the prevention and treatment of menorrhagia.

The high-risk groups such as infants, premature infants, twin infants, pregnant women, gastrectomy and repeated blood donors should prevent iron deficiency, the use of oral iron, iron age of full-term baby should be no later than four months, premature infants meeting Rail-month-old should be no later than two months, preventive therapy should be continued to iron a foot-year-old, pregnant women and breast-feeding period can be late oral ferrous sulfate, in taking the meal.

Anemia and related risk of cardiovascular disease

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According to the community of atherosclerosis risk (ARIC) study showed that anemia is cardiovascular disease (CVD) of an independent risk factor.

Boston, New England Medical Center’s Dr. Mark J. Sarnak, told Reuters journalists: “In the general population, anemia may be the consequences of cardiovascular risk factors. However, this is not necessarily a causal relationship and we still need to clarify In the end is in itself lead to anemia disease, anemia or merely as a general marker of the disease at work. ”

Dr. Sarnak and his colleagues on the ARIC study of 14,410 cases from 45 to 64-year-old male and female patients the information was analyzed, these patients did not in the baseline level of CVD. Anemia hemoglobin below the standard for men 13 g / dl, women below 12 g / dl.

The researchers found that a total of 300 cases of men and women 1,058 cases of anemia exist. The average for 2243 days of follow-up period, there were 549 cases of CVD events. The study results published in the July 3 “published by the American Heart Association journal”.

Throughout the crowd, anemia and increased risk of CVD associated with the independence of (the risk rate of 1.41). Subgroup analysis also supports this outcome, but specific to each case does not exist a significant difference.

Sarnak, said: “The significance of the findings of the study is not yet clear. First of all need to have additional studies to reproduce the results, if the results were consistent, then they need for research to determine whether chronic anemia in the general population is caused heart The potential causes of vascular disease. “

Blood transfusion is not thalassemia patients TT route of transmission of the virus

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Ege University School of Medicine in the United States and Turkey’s Izmir Akarca and colleagues at the 36th session of the European Society of the liver the annual meeting of their “blood transfusion dependent on the thalassemia patients TTV infection,” the study report, the report said: TTV infection Is not caused by blood transfusion.

Previously reported that TTV and post-transfusion hepatitis related to the occurrence. However, TTV on the spread and impact of liver disease is still not clear. TTV judgement for transfusion transmission in the role of TTV, and whether or not to have an impact on liver disease, researchers rely on blood transfusions for thalassemia patients in the TTV infection prevalence and frequency of blood transfusion, HCV infection and elevated transaminase the relationship between The study. A total of 102 patients with blood samples of these patients with an average age of 11-year-old, of which 59 boys and 43 girls.

Semi-quantitative PCR method in 62 percent of patients detected in TTV. TTV-positive patients and patients with negative blood transfusion there is no difference between the number of times (15.2 ± 7.7 vs 12.9 ± 6.9). HCV patients infected with HCV-negative patients and the TTV positive rates were 55.8% and 65.2%. TTV infection and age, ALT levels increased, HBV serum positive correlation between the rates are not. The researchers believe that thalassemia patients are usually in very small age infected with TTV, the general non-gastrointestinal transmission, so does not lead to increased liver enzymes.

Infants should be early screening for anemia

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According to British researchers reported that the baby early iron deficiency anemia screening, because of its anemia and to prevent the stunting.

Recently, the United States caused by iron deficiency anemia in children less and less, but those of low birth weight and low-income families of children in iron-deficiency anemia is still a high risk.

University of British Brisbane-Dr. Andrea Sherriff, although Britain and the United States has now started to children of iron deficiency anemia screening, but it seems that these inspections should be conducted in a more early.

Research staff of more than 1,100 children were studied, 8, 12 and 18 respectively in the months when the hemoglobin level of detection, at the same time in 18 months, the children of these intellectual and physical development of the test. The results showed that in eight months when a low hemoglobin level of testing and development related to the low score, especially in sports skills. Moreover, according to the WHO diagnostic criteria for anemia, 23 percent of the 8-month-old child there anemia.

The researchers believe that iron deficiency 8 months old when the development of far more than 18 months old the impact of iron deficiency. Therefore, in order to achieve due to the effect of screening, should be carried out eight months ago.

But in the United States, experts suggest anemia blood test in 9-12 months pm. Although the United States will Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for doctors in high-risk children with early detection, but they believe that anemia check the “ideal” time in nine months time.

Edge anemia

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Anemia refers to the edge between hemoglobin values and standards between the value of mild anemia patients, in the absence of clear symptoms, were often not easy to detect. Beijing University Institute of Health quarter of children and young people into Professor Ye told reporters that investigations revealed that early school-age  (such as 7-9 years old) and adolescent sexual development stage of the peak  (for example, 14 years old) is relatively high marginal anemia of the age. Mainly because students and parents iron lack of knowledge and youth in the pursuit of body shape and weight loss caused by the blind.

Suffering from anemia edge of the young people if not promptly iron, is likely to develop into a genuine anemia, severe physical decline when possible, memory decline, the decline in the level of immune cells, and other symptoms, easy-induced flu, bronchitis and other upper respiratory tract infection . Therefore, suffering from anemia edge of the crowd through science and dietary iron reserves increase, to fundamentally change frequently in the passive state of anemia.

Professor quarter, spinach, beans, eggs, milk and other traditional view that “the blood” Most of the food does not have a good iron, some of the iron in food plants due to acid interference, the actual volume of lower absorption. The most qualified food pig, chickens and ducks blood soup, lean meat, fish, etc.. In addition, before meals to eat a tomato or drink a glass of orange juice, can be multiplied on the absorption of iron, before meals and after dinner tea, it will greatly inhibit the body absorb iron.

Neglected the cause of iron deficiency anemia - fat diarrhoea disease

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Lipid diarrhoea diseases are neglected the potential of iron deficiency anemia causes, especially for menstrual women.

British Bristol Southmead Hospital (Southmead Hospital), Dr the DJ Unsworth and his colleagues analyzed 483 cases meet the diagnostic criteria for anemia (women’s hemoglobin <11 g / dL, hemoglobin men <13.5 g / dL) of blood donors of blood samples. Of which 28 cases of female patients (26 cases for the period before menopause) and four cases of male patients with endometrial IgA anti-muscle-positive, while a further follow-up of fat diarrhoea disease.

The researchers said, endoscopic intestinal biopsy of the 25 patients, 22 cases of “fat diarrhoea disease in line with the organization of change.” Of which 21 cases were women, and these women had not been possible patients suffering from diarrhoea disease lipid investigation.

Research group reported that their adult patients with anemia fat diarrhoea disease screening, the rate more than six percent compared with the 250 cases of non-blood donors anemia EDTA in blood samples, fat diarrhoea disease was found 0 .

The researchers believe that, because the serum lipid diarrhoea disease detection easy, low prices, reliable, therefore, for all the patients with anemia of unknown causes, including all menstrual blood loss attributed to poor diet or female patients, should be fat diarrhoea-related disease autoantibodies Inspection.

Thalassemia in mice express transfer of myosin gene β

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Published in the journal Nature (Nature) on a study results show that people β rescheduled lentils globulin gene transfer vector, β-thalassemia in mice after the large number of expression so that the anemia symptoms have been alleviated. The researchers pointed out that before people will β globulin gene transfer to mice or other animals, often the expression of low transcription suppression, and other issues.

In New York Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Research Center (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, in New York), Michael Sadelain and colleagues of Dr. attempting to find a way to overcome these deficiencies, they will be people of integrity β globulin and from the gene HIV-1 local control of the region (locus control region, LCR) and regulating the integration of the two segments together lentils recombinant virus (RNS1 and TNS9).

All 12 TNS9 cloning are a lot of production people β globulin transcription product, higher than its level of RNS1 cloning.

Although the two carriers have shown the efficiency of the transfer, but TNS9 transduction in cells transfected after 24 weeks been able to maintain 10 percent to 20 percent of the β globulin product of the level of transcription, RNS1 transduction and cell only reached 3.4 percent.

Researchers will TNS9 transduction of bone marrow transplantation into mice, 24 weeks after they observed in the mouse blood, with human β globulin of hemoglobin tetramer of the total hemoglobin of 13%.

The researchers found that the experimental mice thalassemia, a transplant of bone marrow TNS9 transduction, five receptor mice anemia indicators were significantly improved, including hematocrit, red blood cell count, reticulocyte count and hemoglobin level.

The researchers said the “large number of people carrying the gene fragment β globulin LCR and the reorganization of lentils destruction of the virus is a serious disease hemoglobin gene therapy for a breakthrough. Envisaged a S / β-thalassemia patients, 10 percent of the total hemoglobin to 30% The HbA invasion has been moderate, then this means the treatment of patients can benefit greatly from. ”

“Moreover, the need for high stability and tissue-specific gene expression could turn control of stem cell therapy, using a variety of genetic factors include the gene transfer vector for our treatment provides a new model.”

Bone cancer

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All in all kinds of organizations, such as the skeletal system of bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, fat, blood, nerve tissue and undifferentiated reticuloendothelial caused by the structure of the tumors are primary bone tumors. Through a direct invasion, revascularization or lymphatic system in the transfer of bone tissue formation in the transfer of secondary bone cancer tumor. Apart from a benign bone tumor, malignant particularly, there are some of the bone tissue lesions not sure whether the true nature of their bone tumors, such as fibrous dysplasia, isolated bone cyst, eosinophilic granuloma of bone, bone症等disorder of lipid metabolism, tumor-like lesions (bone tumor-like lesions).

Bone tumors that have not been the cause of the past, especially the chronic injury that minor injuries, chronic infection can cause bone tumors. In recent years, such as through the experimental study has used Harvey Fujinaga and Moloney made of the large number of mouse sarcoma virus osteosarcoma model, Finkel has used different types of isotopes and osteosarcoma virus into animal models, some with radioactive substances such as radium, strontium and other manufactured Osteosarcoma animal model. These pathogenic factors have been identified by many scholars. Bone tumor incidence for men age 15 to 24 years old, female, 5 ~ 14 years old, may be related to gender bone growth and development of endocrine and duration of the morning.

Benign bone tumor

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Benign Osteoblastoma (benign osteoblastoma) is a rare benign bone tumor.

[Pathological changes:

This tumor is as osteoid osteoma, but larger, the largest diameter of up to 10 cm. Expansion bone tumor destruction of bone from the outer membrane or new bone parcels. Dual cut through the bone cortex, a soft tissue tumors. Tumor vascular rich and difficult surgery to stop bleeding. Histological characteristics of a large number of bone cells in the bone-like tissue or bone ridge arranged in clusters on the surface, the surface of bone-like tissue packets to vary and the new bone calcification. In the matrix of connective tissue often rich in blood vessels.

[Note: Diagnosis

The main symptoms are pain and tenderness. Each is a result of local muscle pain and spasm of the limited physical activity. Spinal lesions can be a result of violations to the spinal cord or spinal nerve compression. Low back pain in children should consider the disease.

X-ray photographs showed expansion of the lesions increased transparency, more than 2 cm diameter, and some up to 7 ~ 10 cm. Lesions are ripe calcification, the density increased. Bone tumor around the hardening of osteoid osteoma not obvious.

[Note: treatment

Should be held tumor resection. Neural arch bone plate involvement, such as nerve compression, decompression of Eastern. Surgical resection difficult position, the middle of available X-ray radiation, and calcified lesions healing.

Imatinib studies have shown that inhibition of tumor growth in mice

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Study in mice preliminary findings show that a therapy for leukemia future anti-cancer drugs will one day be used to treat Ewing’s sarcoma. Ewing’s sarcoma is a very difficult treatment of bone tumors. From the University of Oregon Cancer Institute Brian J. Druker in a comment on the study, said: “Ewing’s sarcoma in children with primary bone tumor incidence in second place. Although this has not been transferred to other tumor site, the cure rate is relatively high. generally require joint surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. ”

In this study, from the National Cancer Institute’s Melinda S. Merchant, and others in vivo implantation of Ewing’s sarcoma in mice and dish Ewing’s sarcoma cells were studied to evaluate imatinib (Gleevec in the United States known as the , and in Europe as Glivec) inhibited the growth of cancer cells is effective. Researchers in the latest issue of the “Journal of the National Cancer Institute,” the report said, the drug can kill about 50 percent of the cancer cells, or tumor is shrinking around 50 percent. For those of the existing chemotherapy drug known to exist resistant cell lines, the use of such drugs can still effectively kill the cancer cells. Merchant, who wrote in a research report: “The current observation of chemotherapy drugs for those who have been resistant to recurrence of Ewing’s sarcoma is more important.” However, the researchers also pointed out that compared with other cancer cells, kill Ewing’s sarcoma Cells need a higher concentration of the drug. Druker wrote in a research report: “According to preliminary results of the clinical study, imatinib can be slowed Ewing’s sarcoma cell growth. Another in the future in the study is expected to confirm that the use of imatinib may increase Ewing’s sarcoma cells to chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. “Gleevec is in the last year the United States Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.