Mobile, skeleton
Mobile, skeleton
[Introduction]
The so-called skeleton, relative to the human body, the skeleton; This mechanical movement no independent ability actions are manipulated by people. In animation, the most famous skeleton of the mobile nature soldiers and a mobile police.
A driving force
In all the science fiction film, skeleton and machinery, are also encountering rapid movement, but today only slightly on the robot can be entered into the “power / weight ratio,” well below human arm; For example: a five kilograms of manpower can be brought 10 kilograms of objects , and five kilograms of manipulator must mention can not afford a kilogram object. What is the rationale?
The main structure of manpower including bone, muscle, muscle is the source of energy; Manipulator is the case, the transmission, and the skeleton structure as freedom may be a few motors, which only motors to provide power (not including energy units). From this comparison-known manipulator can be “poor.” Moreover, throughout human muscle, in large, cerebellum, under the coordination body can moderate deformation, apply levers, pulley, and other basic physical principles, but this is the right engineers, it borders on impossible to complex movements. At the same time, muscle rigidity than mechanical metal materials, but toughness, strength of wins, with the quality of steel compared with muscle, the latter is more affordable tensile, impact and stress, in other words: more difficult.
So what advantages manipulator? The first is to repeat exactly do the same work, and almost from the heavy impact of ideas will work fatigue.
Say, can never be mobile, as mobile skeleton soldiers, police powerful strokes as fine 1,10? In fact, it would not inverted! There are two mechanical technology may enable the “force / weight” than to raise the standard of human.
1. Artificial Muscle:
Use of electric drives or chemical synthetic material or diastolic contraction (such as poly with the current AMPS), Principle and the same muscle. But the problem is the artificial muscle to inevitably immersed in the liquid. Regardless of electricity or chemical method, it is very difficult to change its position quickly, in other words, it’s not where fast response. In addition, there will be other dreams Artificial Muscle oil or electric, pneumatic - driven precision, it may even fatigue! This is the so-called enough to lose, the world is no free lunch (or the other thing)!
2. Shape memory alloys:
Today is increasingly star in the shape memory alloy, is used to control temperature deformation special alloy to form specific. That is to say it regardless of T1-A, to T2 degrees, it would be a B-shaped, but rose again when the alloy of T1 changes to A-shaped. The problem is: temperature mechanical engineering is the most difficult to accurately grasp of the variables. And today’s memory alloy limited to the memory of deflection, do other tricks can be difficult, especially muscle movements only “stretching” However, because of the density changes involved moves to dramatically change the density of metal is even more difficult than niche.
The momentum in these two institutions, the former “armored cavalry” may have a place in the former telescopic, which reversed, and also all have their own strong points short. The difficulties in the application.
3. Piezoelectric materials:
This is a quite wonderful material, and when it will be reduced voltage stimulation, and vice versa (the pressure will discharge), if research and development mature, it is possible to eliminate in a half-century electric motor drive system with the oil pressure, a high power / weight ratio of the power source.
Moreover, the impact of changes in the magnetic field length (atomic force change) magnetostrictive material is more potential stars of the future, some kind of low elongation, it can dramatically change Young’s coefficient (similar to spring constants), makes its structural characteristics can be used for multiple uses.
Two, energy
Tactical fighters carrying small energy from nuclear fusion furnace, is the mobile police cells, the human body? According to thermodynamic method of calculation, if the human body to heat engine means to generate energy, we need energy in the body can burn up to do (the higher the temperature heat engine, the greater the pressure on the higher efficiency), it should be fuel cell is similar manner.
Fusion Furnace, is the driving force fired plants, factories have the same driving force behind all of drawbacks: slow startup and shutdown, the reaction rate of change in output than internal combustion engine. At this point, fuel cells may be better than its number, but the efficiency of the fuel cell is far higher than that of any heat engine.
Some readers may not understand what is meant by fuel cells. Fuel is used for burning, fuel chemical can be fired thermal heating of media (such as a steam power plant, the engine air) kinetic energy into mechanical energy, and turbine or by mechanical energy into electrical energy to Detroit (in the majority still travel to the aircraft into mechanical energy). This process can theoretically achieve efficiency rather low, and the general power plants using blue willing cycle (Rankine cycle), only 11 ~ 13% of heat transferred into electricity.
But fuel cells different, and oxide fuel (oxygen or other) integration into the liquid, combined with the assistance of catalyst (oxidation, meaning relaxed combustion), chemical energy directly into electric energy, theoretical efficiency as high as 40%, practical applications are also more than 30%. Hydrogen, methane (natural gas), who can dissolve in the liquid fuel can as fuel cells. Called the fourth generation of energy, clean, efficient, quiet is its unparalleled advantages, flexibility also more than the giant plant.
3, the control system
Driving the cockpit for the traditional definition of a human-computer interface paradigm.
People have a hand 20 degrees of freedom, in today’s robotics-driven, it’s all there must be 20 motors, its manipulation of the complexity of the program will drive engineers, but manipulator - is talking nonsense command. (You can think of a number of necessary action, and every action can be used to understand the number of degrees of freedom.) As a result, the star machine to manipulate concepts flexible, there are two methods:
1. Making many subroutines, each responsible for an action, or by computer manipulator choice movement. On the former, I would like to Amuluoa-in and Jiaemasha new one, is not the time to button up steel bullets shot. Tactical fighter pilot seemed simply choose weapons, mobile body position, in a move to the computer should make their own judgment, it is available today on more layers of super computers floor or fifth-generation computers mature before done.
2. A mobile police computer learning function, which is to remember each movement, fighting experience, facing the same situation next to be more rapid and smooth implementation of the driver’s instructions. Mobile police therefore must be controlled in order to achieve a fixed driver performance.
The most effective and most inhuman manipulation of the most important “periods of riding” in the machine Rana, it was modeled on the human body structure, manufacture motorized skeleton, the driver of nerve endings electrode was connected to his spine, brain, the cerebellum complete all the directives issued by the response to mechanical, when he orders his right hand clenched brain, neural also faithfully conveyed hand Department, but they did not receive a message muscles, the message being eaten. This way only one drawback: Rana machines in space carrying rocket can not use campaign (who carry long rocket?) , And the driver of the nervous system is very poor, and the machine also can not, as Frog Mobile Suit as a cannon, particle gun fixed arm. But feasibility much higher than the former two.
The so-called man-machine interface, all matters between the operator and objectives of the auxiliary mechanical hardware. The small ax handles, the big fighter cockpit, and sometimes refers specifically to assist the operator with the whole mechanical manipulation of the software and hardware.
MS and have limited self-LABOR judgment campaign function, and a function of this program is a very remarkable man-machine interface as possible of how, at least in my view, to wait another 20 years engineering information can be developed like a prototype of such practical computers and software. And the higher the autonomy of the program, operators more effort, such as “La crisis” in the Knight Saber, who use motorized frames, for mote slave / Moto Roid deformation, the former serving their armored (Hard suit, is the skeleton) to the extension, while the latter is a limited self-judgment ability of the mechanical movement, without command by the operator on January 1. When the man-machine interface developed to the extreme, it is no longer the man-machine interface, the operator no longer necessary, then it may pan-called man-made, biological and chemical, electronics, etc.. On this point, will be discussed later.
“La crisis” in Portuguese and others use the Second Armored clothes (Moto Slave), deformation of limited autonomy for the judgment Moto Roid machine).
“The five-star story of” Fatima remain man-machine interface definition: they were driving to Cleveland MH. While ETRRM (subhuman of Fatima) is the letter, and the perfect man-machine interface, because it’s equivalent to a part of the body, like the cerebellum manages physical coordination body like the coordinated implementation of the pilot (brain) orders.
In addition, have the same effect of another man-machine interface is the interpretation of human EEG equipment, the problem of how to EEG waveforms in the ideological interpretation of the pilot, particularly reflex action is not completely brain. Natural failure to read its signal. Therefore still conceptual stage.
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